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Window-based transformers have demonstrated outstanding performance in super-resolution tasks due to their adaptive modeling capabilities through local self-attention (SA). However, they exhibit higher computational complexity and inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zhenyu Hu , Wanjie Sun

Large models based on the Transformer architecture are susceptible to extreme-token phenomena, such as attention sinks and value-state drains. These issues, which degrade model performance, quantization fidelity, and interpretability, arise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Rui Bu , Haofeng Zhong , Wenzheng Chen , Yangyan Li

Random-feature-based attention (RFA) is an efficient approximation of softmax attention with linear runtime and space complexity. However, the approximation gap between RFA and conventional softmax attention is not well studied. Built upon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Lin Zheng , Jianbo Yuan , Chong Wang , Lingpeng Kong

Balancing accuracy and latency on high-resolution images is a critical challenge for lightweight models, particularly for Transformer-based architectures that often suffer from excessive latency. To address this issue, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Junzhou Li , Manqi Zhao , Yilin Gao , Zhiheng Yu , Yin Li , Dongsheng Jiang , Li Xiao

Image super-resolution (SR) has significantly advanced through the adoption of Transformer architectures. However, conventional techniques aimed at enlarging the self-attention window to capture broader contexts come with inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Chengxing Xie , Xiaoming Zhang , Linze Li , Yuqian Fu , Biao Gong , Tianrui Li , Kai Zhang

In Sequential Recommendation Systems (SRSs), Transformer models have demonstrated remarkable performance but face computational and memory cost challenges, especially when modeling long-term user behavior sequences. Due to its quadratic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Juntao Hu , Wei Zhou , Haini Cai , Xiao Du , Huayi Shen , Junhao Wen

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have recently taken computer vision by storm. However, the softmax attention underlying ViTs comes with a quadratic complexity in time and memory, hindering the application of ViTs to high-resolution images. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Chuanyang Zheng

Standard softmax self-attention excels in vision tasks but incurs quadratic complexity O(N^2), limiting high-resolution deployment. Linear attention reduces the cost to O(N), yet its compressed state representations can impair modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Ruibang Li , Guan Luo , Yiwei Zhang , Jin Gao , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

Self-attention (SA) mechanisms can capture effectively global dependencies in deep neural networks, and have been applied to natural language processing and image processing successfully. However, SA modules for image reconstruction have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Zheng Wang , Jianwu Li , Ge Song , Tieling Li

Following the success of dot-product attention in Transformers, numerous approximations have been recently proposed to address its quadratic complexity with respect to the input length. While these variants are memory and compute efficient,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ankit Gupta , Guy Dar , Shaya Goodman , David Ciprut , Jonathan Berant

Recently, numerous efficient Transformers have been proposed to reduce the quadratic computational complexity of standard Transformers caused by the Softmax attention. However, most of them simply swap Softmax with an efficient attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Zexiang Liu , Dong Li , Kaiyue Lu , Zhen Qin , Weixuan Sun , Jiacheng Xu , Yiran Zhong

Accommodating long sequences efficiently in autoregressive Transformers, especially within an extended context window, poses significant challenges due to the quadratic computational complexity and substantial KV memory requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Chao Lou , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng , Kewei Tu

The attention mechanism is a core component of the Transformer architecture. Various methods have been developed to compute attention scores, including multi-head attention (MHA), multi-query attention, group-query attention and so on. We…

In recent years, Transformer has witnessed significant progress in food recognition. However, most existing approaches still face two critical challenges in lightweight food recognition: (1) the quadratic complexity and redundant feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shun Zou , Yi Zou , Mingya Zhang , Shipeng Luo , Zhihao Chen , Guangwei Gao

LLM decoding is bottlenecked for large batches and long contexts by loading the key-value (KV) cache from high-bandwidth memory, which inflates per-token latency, while the sequential nature of decoding limits parallelism. We analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ted Zadouri , Hubert Strauss , Tri Dao

Vision Transformers have achieved impressive performance in video classification, while suffering from the quadratic complexity caused by the Softmax attention mechanism. Some studies alleviate the computational costs by reducing the number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Kaiyue Lu , Zexiang Liu , Jianyuan Wang , Weixuan Sun , Zhen Qin , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Hui Deng , Xiaodong Han , Yuchao Dai , Yiran Zhong

Vision Graph Neural Networks (ViGs) offer a new direction for advancements in vision architectures. While powerful, ViGs often face substantial computational challenges stemming from their graph construction phase, which can hinder their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mustafa Munir , Md Mostafijur Rahman , Radu Marculescu

Attention is a general reasoning mechanism than can flexibly deal with image information, but its memory requirements had made it so far impractical for high resolution image generation. We present Grid Partitioned Attention (GPA), a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Nikolay Jetchev , Gökhan Yildirim , Christian Bracher , Roland Vollgraf

Attention-free language models that combine gating and convolutions are growing in popularity due to their efficiency and increasingly competitive performance. To better understand these architectures, we pretrain a suite of 17 attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Simran Arora , Sabri Eyuboglu , Aman Timalsina , Isys Johnson , Michael Poli , James Zou , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

Transformers excel at sequence modeling but face quadratic complexity, while linear attention offers improved efficiency but often compromises recall accuracy over long contexts. In this work, we introduce Native Hybrid Attention (NHA), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jusen Du , Jiaxi Hu , Tao Zhang , Weigao Sun , Yu Cheng