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Linear attentions have shown potential for improving Transformer efficiency, reducing attention's quadratic complexity to linear in sequence length. This holds exciting promise for (1) training linear Transformers from scratch, (2)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Michael Zhang , Kush Bhatia , Hermann Kumbong , Christopher Ré

While transformer models exhibit strong in-context learning (ICL) abilities, they often fail to generalize under simple distribution shifts. We analyze these failures and identify Softmax, the scoring function in the attention mechanism, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omar Naim , Swarnadeep Bhar , Jérôme Bolte , Nicholas Asher

Attention regulates information transfer between tokens. For this, query and key vectors are compared, typically in terms of a scalar product, $\mathbf{Q}^T\mathbf{K}$, together with a subsequent softmax normalization. In geometric terms,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Claudius Gros

Linear State-Space Models (SSMs) offer an efficient alternative to softmax Attention with constant memory and linear compute, but their lossy, fading summary of the past hurts recall-oriented tasks. We propose Gated KalmaNet (GKA,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Liangzu Peng , Aditya Chattopadhyay , Luca Zancato , Elvis Nunez , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Attention operator has been widely used as a basic brick in visual understanding since it provides some flexibility through its adjustable kernels. However, this operator suffers from inherent limitations: (1) the attention kernel is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Heeseung Kwon , Francisco M. Castro , Manuel J. Marin-Jimenez , Nicolas Guil , Karteek Alahari

In the realm of Text-attributed Graphs (TAGs), traditional graph neural networks (GNNs) often fall short due to the complex textual information associated with each node. Recent methods have improved node representations by leveraging large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Huanyi Xie , Lijie Hu , Lu Yu , Tianhao Huang , Longfei Li , Meng Li , Jun Zhou , Huan Wang , Di Wang

Converting pretrained attention modules such as grouped-query attention (GQA) into multi-head latent attention (MLA) can improve expressivity without increasing KV-cache cost, making it attractive for efficient inference. However, many…

Widely adopted in modern Vision Transformer designs, Softmax attention can effectively capture long-range visual information; however, it incurs excessive computational cost when dealing with high-resolution inputs. In contrast, linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Dongchen Han , Yifan Pu , Zhuofan Xia , Yizeng Han , Xuran Pan , Xiu Li , Jiwen Lu , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Long-term memory is becoming a central bottleneck for language agents. Exsting RAG and GraphRAG systems largely treat memory graphs as static retrieval middleware, which limits their ability to recover complete evidence chains from partial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Juntong Wang , Haoyue Zhao , guanghui Pan , Xiyuan Wang , Yanbo Wang , Qiyan Deng , Muhan Zhang

Scaling large language models to long contexts is challenging due to the quadratic computational cost of full attention. Mitigation approaches include KV-cache selection or compression techniques. We instead provide an effective and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuzhen Mao , Michael Y. Li , Emily B. Fox

The design choices in the Transformer attention mechanism, including weak inductive bias and quadratic computational complexity, have limited its application for modeling long sequences. In this paper, we introduce Mega, a simple,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Xuezhe Ma , Chunting Zhou , Xiang Kong , Junxian He , Liangke Gui , Graham Neubig , Jonathan May , Luke Zettlemoyer

Linear attention replaces the unbounded cache of softmax attention with a fixed-size recurrent state, reducing sequence mixing to linear time and decoding to constant memory. The hard part is not just what to forget, but how to edit this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ali Hatamizadeh , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz

Window-based attention has become a popular choice in vision transformers due to its superior performance, lower computational complexity, and less memory footprint. However, the design of hand-crafted windows, which is data-agnostic,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Qiming Zhang , Jing Zhang , Yufei Xu , Dacheng Tao

Reducing the key-value (KV) cache size is a crucial step toward enabling efficient inference in large language models (LLMs), especially under latency and memory constraints. While Multi-Head Attention (MHA) offers strong representational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zhengge Cai , Haowen Hou

The softmax content-based attention mechanism has proven to be very beneficial in many applications of recurrent neural networks. Nevertheless it suffers from two major computational limitations. First, its computations for an attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Alexandre de Brébisson , Pascal Vincent

This paper introduces Exact Linear Attention (ELA), a mechanism that achieves linear computational complexity for Transformer attention by exploiting the exact decomposition property of kernel functions, thereby eliminating approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Weinuo Ou

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been shown to enhance visual recognition through modeling long-range dependencies with multi-head self-attention (MHSA), which is typically formulated as Query-Key-Value computation. However, the attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chongjian Ge , Xiaohan Ding , Zhan Tong , Li Yuan , Jiangliu Wang , Yibing Song , Ping Luo

Transformers have had tremendous impact for several sequence related tasks, largely due to their ability to retrieve from any part of the sequence via softmax based dot-product attention. This mechanism plays a crucial role in Transformer's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sai Surya Duvvuri , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have attracted a lot of attention in the field of computer vision. Generally, the powerful representative capacity of ViTs mainly benefits from the self-attention mechanism, which has a high computation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Deli Yu , Teng Xi , Jianwei Li , Baopu Li , Gang Zhang , Haocheng Feng , Junyu Han , Jingtuo Liu , Errui Ding , Jingdong Wang

SAGA is a fast incremental gradient method on the finite sum problem and its effectiveness has been tested on a vast of applications. In this paper, we analyze SAGA on a class of non-strongly convex and non-convex statistical problem such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-28 Chao Qu , Yan Li , Huan Xu
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