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United States healthcare systems are struggling to meet the growing demand for neurological care, particularly in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Generative AI built on language models (LLMs) now enables agentic AI systems…

Huge language models (LMs) have ushered in a new era for AI, serving as a gateway to natural-language-based knowledge tasks. Although an essential element of modern AI, LMs are also inherently limited in a number of ways. We discuss these…

We introduce AgenticSimLaw, a role-structured, multi-agent debate framework that provides transparent and controllable test-time reasoning for high-stakes tabular decision-making tasks. Unlike black-box approaches, our courtroom-style…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jon Chun , Kathrine Elkins , Yong Suk Lee

Large Language Model (LLM)-based autonomous agents are expected to play a vital role in the evolution of 6G networks, by empowering real-time decision-making related to management and service provisioning to end-users. This shift…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Ilias Chatzistefanidis , Navid Nikaein

The rapid proliferation of large language model (LLM)-based agentic systems raises critical concerns regarding digital sovereignty, environmental sustainability, regulatory compliance, and ethical alignment. Whilst existing frameworks…

We propose a multi-agent framework for modeling artificial consciousness in large language models (LLMs), grounded in psychoanalytic theory. Our \textbf{Psychodynamic Model} simulates self-awareness, preconsciousness, and unconsciousness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sang Hun Kim , Jongmin Lee , Dongkyu Park , So Young Lee , Yosep Chong

Although numerous strategies have recently been proposed to enhance the autonomous interaction capabilities of multimodal agents in graphical user interface (GUI), their reliability remains limited when faced with complex or out-of-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Pengzhou Cheng , Lingzhong Dong , Zeng Wu , Zongru Wu , Xiangru Tang , Chengwei Qin , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) show high performance in general visual question answering. However, a fundamental limitation remains: current architectures lack the native 3D spatial reasoning required for direct analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ayhan Can Erdur , Daniel Scholz , Jiazhen Pan , Benedikt Wiestler , Daniel Rueckert , Jan C. Peeken

A key method for creating Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents is Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, constructing a standalone RL policy that maps perception to action directly encounters severe problems, chief among them being its lack…

Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are emerging as transformative tools in drug discovery, with the ability to autonomously reason, act, and learn through complicated research workflows. Building on large language models (LLMs) coupled…

Clinical decision-making is a dynamic, interactive, and cyclic process where doctors have to repeatedly decide on which clinical action to perform and consider newly uncovered information for diagnosis and treatment. Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 David Bani-Harouni , Chantal Pellegrini , Ege Özsoy , Nassir Navab , Matthias Keicher

Background and Aims: Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable generalization and transfer capabilities by learning from vast corpora of text and web data. Their semantic representations allow cross-task knowledge transfer and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yuqi Jin , Zhenhao Shuai , Zihan Hu , Weiteng Zhang , Weihao Xie , Jianwei Shuai , Xian Shen , Zhen Feng

As LLMs are increasingly deployed as agents, agentic reasoning - the ability to combine tool use, especially search, and reasoning - becomes a critical skill. However, it is hard to disentangle agentic reasoning when evaluated in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hanlin Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Song Mei , Stuart Russell , Nikhil Ghosh , Alberto Bietti , Jiantao Jiao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

In dynamic epistemic logic (Van Ditmarsch, Van Der Hoek, & Kooi, 2008) it is customary to use an action frame (Baltag & Moss, 2004; Baltag, Moss, & Solecki, 1998) to describe different views of a single action. In this article, action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Shikha Singh , Kamal Lodaya , Deepak Khemani

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence, endowing it with sophisticated language understanding and generation capabilities. However, when faced with more complex and interconnected tasks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Thorsten Händler

Advancing complex reasoning in large language models relies on high-quality, verifiable datasets, yet human annotation remains cost-prohibitive and difficult to scale. Current synthesis paradigms often face a recurring trade-off:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhengbo Jiao , Shaobo Wang , Zifan Zhang , Xuan Ren , Wei Wang , Bing Zhao , Hu Wei , Linfeng Zhang

Human cognition excels at transcending sensory input and forming latent representations that structure our understanding of the world. While Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate emergent reasoning and decision-making abilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Hengguan Huang , Xing Shen , Songtao Wang , Lingfa Meng , Dianbo Liu , David Alejandro Duchene , Hao Wang , Samir Bhatt

Many applications of intelligent systems require reasoning about the mental states of agents in the domain. We may want to reason about an agent's beliefs, including beliefs about other agents; we may also want to reason about an agent's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Brian Milch , Daphne Koller

How should an agent decide when and how to plan? A dominant approach builds agents as reactive policies with adaptive computation (e.g., chain-of-thought), trained end-to-end expecting planning to emerge implicitly. Without control over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mingkai Deng , Jinyu Hou , Lara Sá Neves , Varad Pimpalkhute , Taylor W. Killian , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing