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We propose a novel architecture and improved training objectives for non-parallel voice conversion. Our proposed CycleGAN-based model performs a shape-preserving transformation directly on a high frequency-resolution magnitude spectrogram,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-25 Jaeseong You , Gyuhyeon Nam , Dalhyun Kim , Gyeongsu Chae

This paper introduces a novel neural network-based speech coding system that can process noisy speech effectively. The proposed source-aware neural audio coding (SANAC) system harmonizes a deep autoencoder-based source separation model and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-11 Haici Yang , Kai Zhen , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

Traditional voice conversion methods rely on parallel recordings of multiple speakers pronouncing the same sentences. For real-world applications however, parallel data is rarely available. We propose MelGAN-VC, a voice conversion method…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-06 Marco Pasini

This paper proposes a spectral-domain perceptual weighting technique for Parallel WaveGAN-based text-to-speech (TTS) systems. The recently proposed Parallel WaveGAN vocoder successfully generates waveform sequences using a fast…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-20 Eunwoo Song , Ryuichi Yamamoto , Min-Jae Hwang , Jin-Seob Kim , Ohsung Kwon , Jae-Min Kim

As a foundational technology for intelligent human-computer interaction, voice conversion (VC) seeks to transform speech from any source timbre into any target timbre. Traditional voice conversion methods based on Generative Adversarial…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhan Yao , Fen Xiao , Xiarun Chen , Jia Liu , YongQiang He , Weiping Wen

Modern approaches to sound synthesis using deep neural networks are hard to control, especially when fine-grained conditioning information is not available, hindering their adoption by musicians. In this paper, we cast the generation of…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Théis Bazin , Gaëtan Hadjeres , Philippe Esling , Mikhail Malt

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on edge devices (e.g., smartphones and robots) is crucial for enabling low-latency and privacy-preserving intelligent applications. Given the resource constraints of these devices, quantization offers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Tianyu Guo , Shanwei Zhao , Shiai Zhu , Chenguang Ma

With the emergence of neural audio codecs, which encode multiple streams of discrete tokens from audio, large language models have recently gained attention as a promising approach for zero-shot Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. Despite the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Jaehyeon Kim , Keon Lee , Seungjun Chung , Jaewoong Cho

Vector-quantized autoencoders deliver high-fidelity latents but suffer inherent flaws: the quantizer is non-differentiable, requires straight-through hacks, and is prone to collapse. We address these issues at the root by replacing VQ with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hao Lu , Onur C. Koyun , Yongxin Guo , Zhengjie Zhu , Abbas Alili , Metin Nafi Gurcan

Recent studies have shown that neural vocoders based on generative adversarial network (GAN) can generate audios with high quality. While GAN based neural vocoders have shown to be computationally much more efficient than those based on…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Zhengxi Liu , Yanmin Qian

Neural audio codecs are at the core of modern conversational speech technologies, converting continuous speech into sequences of discrete tokens that can be processed by LLMs. However, existing codecs typically operate at fixed frame rates,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Audio codecs are a critical component of modern speech generation systems. This paper introduces a low-bitrate, multi-scale residual codec that encodes speech into four distinct streams: semantic, timbre, prosody, and residual. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Jingyu Li , Guangyan Zhang , Zhen Ye , Yiwen Guo

While many current neural speech codecs achieve impressive reconstructed speech quality, they often neglect latency and complexity considerations, limiting their practical deployment in downstream tasks such as real-time speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-18 En-Wei Zhang , Hui-Peng Du , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

The emergence of audio language models is empowered by neural audio codecs, which establish critical mappings between continuous waveforms and discrete tokens compatible with language model paradigms. The evolutionary trends from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-28 Yidi Jiang , Qian Chen , Shengpeng Ji , Yu Xi , Wen Wang , Chong Zhang , Xianghu Yue , ShiLiang Zhang , Haizhou Li

This paper adapts a StyleGAN model for speech generation with minimal or no conditioning on text. StyleGAN is a multi-scale convolutional GAN capable of hierarchically capturing data structure and latent variation on multiple spatial (or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-17 Kasperi Palkama , Lauri Juvela , Alexander Ilin

The advent of neural audio codecs has increased in popularity due to their potential for efficiently modeling audio with transformers. Such advanced codecs represent audio from a highly continuous waveform to low-sampled discrete units. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Samir Sadok , Julien Hauret , Éric Bavu

We introduce a language modeling approach for text to speech synthesis (TTS). Specifically, we train a neural codec language model (called Vall-E) using discrete codes derived from an off-the-shelf neural audio codec model, and regard TTS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Chengyi Wang , Sanyuan Chen , Yu Wu , Ziqiang Zhang , Long Zhou , Shujie Liu , Zhuo Chen , Yanqing Liu , Huaming Wang , Jinyu Li , Lei He , Sheng Zhao , Furu Wei

Speech quality estimation has recently undergone a paradigm shift from human-hearing expert designs to machine-learning models. However, current models rely mainly on supervised learning, which is time-consuming and expensive for label…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Szu-Wei Fu , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Yu Tsao , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

In this paper we propose a Non-Linear Predictive Vector quantizer (PVQ) for speech coding, based on Multi-Layer Perceptrons. We also propose a method to evaluate if a quantizer is well designed, and if it exploits the correlation between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Marcos Faundez-Zanuy

Most neural vocoders are limited to one type: either GAN or diffusion-based. While state-of-the-art models like Vocos and WaveNeXt use powerful ConvNeXt-based generators, they have only been used in GAN frameworks and have limited…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Wangzixi Zhou , Takuma Okamoto , Yamato Ohtani , Sakriani Sakti , Hisashi Kawai