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Detecting attacks in control systems is an important aspect of designing secure and resilient control systems. Recently, a dynamic watermarking approach was proposed for detecting malicious sensor attacks for SISO LTI systems with partial…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-27 Pedro Hespanhol , Matthew Porter , Ram Vasudevan , Anil Aswani

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving complex decision-making problems. However, DRL-based systems still face significant dependability challenges particularly in real-time environments due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Guoxin Su , Thomas Robinson , Hoa Khanh Dam , Li Liu , David S. Rosenblum

A variety of anomaly detection schemes have been proposed to detect malicious attacks to Cyber-Physical Systems. Among these schemes, Dynamic Watermarking methods have been proven highly effective at detecting a wide range of attacks.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Matthew Porter , Arnav Joshi , Pedro Hespanhol , Anil Aswani , Matthew Johnson-Roberson , Ram Vasudevan

Delayed Markov decision processes (DMDPs) fulfill the Markov property by augmenting the state space of agents with a finite time window of recently committed actions. In reliance on these state augmentations, delay-resolved reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mohammadhossein Malmir , Josip Josifovski , Noah Klarmann , Alois Knoll

We study how to watermark LLM outputs, i.e. embedding algorithmically detectable signals into LLM-generated text to track misuse. Unlike the current mainstream methods that work with a fixed LLM, we expand the watermark design space by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiaojun Xu , Yuanshun Yao , Yang Liu

We here investigate secure control of networked control systems developing a new dynamic watermarking (DW) scheme. Firstly, the weaknesses of the conventional DW scheme are revealed, and the tradeoff between the effectiveness of false data…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-27 Dajun Du , Changda Zhang , Xue Li , Minrui Fei , Taicheng Yang , Huiyu Zhou

High-fidelity text-to-image diffusion models have revolutionized visual content generation, but their widespread use raises significant ethical concerns, including intellectual property protection and the misuse of synthetic media. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yunzhuo Chen , Naveed Akhtar , Nur Al Hasan Haldar , Ajmal Mian

Control system security is enhanced by the ability to detect malicious attacks on sensor measurements. Dynamic watermarking can detect such attacks on linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. However, existing theory focuses on attack detection…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Pedro Hespanhol , Matthew Porter , Ram Vasudevan , Anil Aswani

Model predictive control (MPC) is an effective method for control of constrained systems but is susceptible to the external disturbances and modeling error often encountered in real-world applications. To address these issues, techniques…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-24 Savva Morozov , Parker C. Lusk , Brett T. Lopez , Jonathan P. How

Due to costly efforts during data acquisition and model training, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) belong to the intellectual property of the model creator. Hence, unauthorized use, theft, or modification may lead to legal repercussions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Torsten Krauß , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko

Due to the rapid growth of machine learning tools and specifically deep networks in various computer vision and image processing areas, application of Convolutional Neural Networks for watermarking have recently emerged. In this paper, we…

The goal of 3D mesh watermarking is to embed the message in 3D meshes that can withstand various attacks imperceptibly and reconstruct the message accurately from watermarked meshes. The watermarking algorithm is supposed to withstand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xingyu Zhu , Guanhui Ye , Xiapu Luo , Xuetao Wei

Watermarking has emerged as an effective solution for copyright protection of synthetic data. However, applying watermarking techniques to synthetic tabular data presents challenges, as tabular data can easily lose their watermarks through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuyang Xia , Yaoqiang Xu , Chen Qian , Yang Li , Guoliang Li , Jianhua Feng

Deep neural networks are valuable assets considering their commercial benefits and huge demands for costly annotation and computation resources. To protect the copyright of DNNs, backdoor-based ownership verification becomes popular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Guanhao Gan , Yiming Li , Dongxian Wu , Shu-Tao Xia

Model Predictive Control (MPC) has become a popular framework in embedded control for high-performance autonomous systems. However, to achieve good control performance using MPC, an accurate dynamics model is key. To maintain real-time…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Tim Salzmann , Elia Kaufmann , Jon Arrizabalaga , Marco Pavone , Davide Scaramuzza , Markus Ryll

In this paper we present a framework for risk-averse model predictive control (MPC) of linear systems affected by multiplicative uncertainty. Our key innovation is to consider time-consistent, dynamic risk metrics as objective functions to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Yin-Lam Chow , Marco Pavone

The main objective of this article is to develop scalable dynamic anomaly detectors when high-fidelity simulators of power systems are at our disposal. On the one hand, mathematical models of these high-fidelity simulators are typically…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-07 Kaikai Pan , Peter Palensky , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani

Replay attacks comprise replaying previously recorded sensor measurements and injecting malicious signals into a physical plant, causing great damage to cyber-physical systems. Replay attack detection has been widely studied for linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Tao Chen , Andreu Cecilia , Lei Wang , Daniele Astolfi , Zhitao Liu

Physical watermarking is a well established technique for replay attack detection in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Most of the watermarking methods proposed in the literature are designed for discrete-time systems. In general, real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Bahram Yaghooti , Raffaele Romagnoli , Bruno Sinopoli

Watermarking techniques offer a promising way to identify machine-generated content via embedding covert information into the contents generated from language models. A challenge in the domain lies in preserving the distribution of original…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Yihan Wu , Zhengmian Hu , Junfeng Guo , Hongyang Zhang , Heng Huang