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Scaling up Large Language Model(LLM) training involves fitting a tremendous amount of training parameters across a limited number of workers. However, methods like ZeRO-3 that drastically reduce GPU memory pressure often incur heavy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Lang Xu , Quentin Anthony , Jacob Hatef , Aamir Shafi , Hari Subramoni , Dhabaleswar K. , Panda

Emerging chips with hundreds and thousands of cores require networks with unprecedented energy/area efficiency and scalability. To address this, we propose Slim NoC (SN): a new on-chip network design that delivers significant improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Maciej Besta , Syed Minhaj Hassan , Sudhakar Yalamanchili , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Onur Mutlu , Torsten Hoefler

The large-scale fabrication of three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with high yield is becoming increasingly crucial, especially with the growing interest in spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic random access memory (MRAM) as the…

Memristor devices are crucial for developing neuromorphic computers and next-generation memory technologies. In this work, we provide a comprehensive modelling tool for simulating static DC reading operations of memristor crossbar arrays…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Yasir J Noori , C H de Groot

Storage Class Memory (SCM) is a class of memory technology which has recently become viable for use. Their namearises from the fact that they exhibit non-volatility of data, similar to secondary storage while also having latencies…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Aditya K Kamath , Leslie Monis , A Tarun Karthik , Basavaraj Talawar

The rapid advancements in AI, scientific computing, and high-performance computing (HPC) have driven the need for versatile and efficient hardware accelerators. Existing tools like SCALE-Sim v2 provide valuable cycle-accurate simulations…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Ritik Raj , Sarbartha Banerjee , Nikhil Chandra , Zishen Wan , Jianming Tong , Ananda Samajdar , Tushar Krishna

A Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is a memory primarily designed for high speed search operation. Parallel search scheme forms the basis of CAM, thus power reduction is the challenge associated with a large amount of parallel active…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Mohammed Zackriya. , Harish M Kittur

When processing large amounts of data, the rate at which reading and writing can take place is a critical factor. High energy physics data processing relying on ROOT is no exception. The recent parallelisation of LHC experiments' software…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Guilherme Amadio , Brian Bockelman , Philippe Canal , Danilo Piparo , Enric Tejedor , Zhe Zhang

Molecular electronics on silicon has distinct advantages over its metallic counterpart. We describe a theoretical formalism for transport through semiconductor-molecule heterostructures, combining a semi-empirical treatment of the bulk…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-24 T. Rakshit , G-C. Liang , A. W. Ghosh , S. Datta

Multi-Chip-Modules (MCMs) reduce the design and fabrication cost of machine learning (ML) accelerators while delivering performance and energy efficiency on par with a monolithic large chip. However, ML compilers targeting MCMs need to…

This paper summarizes the idea of Tiered-Latency DRAM (TL-DRAM), which was published in HPCA 2013, and examines the work's significance and future potential. The capacity and cost-per-bit of DRAM have historically scaled to satisfy the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Donghyuk Lee , Yoongu Kim , Vivek Seshadri , Jamie Liu , Lavanya Subramanian , Onur Mutlu

Powerful spectrum decision schemes enable cognitive radios (CRs) to find transmission opportunities in spectral resources allocated exclusively to the primary users. One of the key effecting factor on the CR network throughput is the…

Performance · Computer Science 2012-01-04 Hossein Shokri-Ghadikolaei , Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari

Recently, residual reconstruction-based model quantization methods have achieved promising performance in low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) by introducing cross-layer residuals to reduce error accumulated from previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Le Su , Xing Luo , Zhi Jin

In contemporary general-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs), the continued increase in raw arithmetic throughput is constrained by the capabilities of the register file (single-cycle) and last-level cache (high bandwidth), which…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Faaiq Waqar , Ming-Yen Lee , Seongwon Yoon , Seongkwang Lim , Shimeng Yu

A Ferroelectric Analog Non-Volatile Memory based on a WOx electrode and ferroelectric HfZrO$_4$ layer is fabricated at a low thermal budget (~375$^\circ$C), enabling BEOL processes and CMOS integration. The devices show suitable properties…

Production LLM systems often rely on separate models for safety and other classification-heavy steps, increasing latency, VRAM footprint, and operational complexity. We instead reuse computation already paid for by the serving LLM: we train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Gonzalo Ariel Meyoyan , Luciano Del Corro

As concurrent programming becomes increasingly prevalent, effectively identifying and addressing concurrency issues such as data races and deadlocks is critical. This study evaluates the performance of several leading large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Ridhi Jain , Rahul Purandare

Using type-x spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching scheme, in which the easy axis (EA) of the ferromagnetic (FM) layer and the charge current flow direction are collinear, is possible to realize a lower-power-consumption, higher-density, and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Yan-Ting Liu , Chao-Chung Huang , Kuan-Hao Chen , Yu-Hao Huang , Chia-Chin Tsai , Ting-Yu Chang , Chi-Feng Pai

Current quantization methods for LLMs predominantly rely on block-wise structures to maintain efficiency, often at the cost of representational flexibility. In this work, we demonstrate that element-wise quantization can be made as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Pingzhi Tang , Ruijie Zhou , Fanxu Meng , Wenjie Pei , Muhan Zhang

The resistance state of filamentary memristors can be tuned by relocating only a few atoms at interatomic distances in the active region of a conducting filament. Thereby the technology holds promise not only in its ultimate downscaling…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Miklós Csontos , Yannik Horst , Nadia Jimenez Olalla , Ueli Koch , Ivan Shorubalko , András Halbritter , Juerg Leuthold