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In last years, there has been an increasing effort to leverage Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain. One of the main topics of interest, given its importance, is the research and development of privacy mechanisms, as…
In principle, explanations are intended as a way to increase trust in machine learning models and are often obligated by regulations. However, many circumstances where these are demanded are adversarial in nature, meaning the involved…
Recent advances in the cryptographic field of "Zero-Knowledge Proofs" have sparked a new wave of research, giving birth to many exciting theoretical approaches in the last few years. Such research has often overlapped with the need for…
Cryptographic schemes like Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), while offering powerful privacy-preserving capabilities, are often hindered by their computational complexity. Polynomial multiplication, a core…
Classical software verification and validation techniques, such as procedural audits, formal methods, or model documentation, are the traditional mechanisms used to achieve the verifiable accountability now required by regulations like the…
We propose a middleware solution designed to facilitate seamless integration of privacy using zero-knowledge proofs within various multi-chain protocols, encompassing domains such as DeFi, gaming, social networks, DAOs, e-commerce, and the…
Zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols enable software developers to provide proofs of their programs' correctness to other parties without revealing the programs themselves. Regular expressions are pervasive in real-world software, and…
Privacy concerns in machine learning systems have grown significantly with the increasing reliance on sensitive user data for training large-scale models. This paper introduces a novel framework combining Probably Approximately Correct…
Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) are increasingly deployed in domains such as privacy-preserving authentication, verifiable computation, and secure finance. However, authoring ZK programs remains challenging: unlike conventional software…
Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) systems have surged attention and held a fundamental role in contemporary cryptography. Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zk-SNARK) protocols dominate the ZKP usage, implemented…
In the current digital landscape, supply chains have transformed into complex networks driven by the Internet of Things (IoT), necessitating enhanced data sharing and processing capabilities to ensure traceability and transparency.…
Blockchain technology is rapidly evolving, with scalability remaining one of its most significant challenges. While various solutions have been proposed and continue to be developed, it is essential to consider the blockchain trilemma --…
Financial Generative Pre-trained Transformers (FinGPT) with multimodal capabilities are now being increasingly adopted in various financial applications. However, due to the intellectual property of model weights and the copyright of…
Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) have evolved from a theoretical cryptographic concept into a powerful tool for implementing privacy-preserving and verifiable applications without requiring trust assumptions. Despite significant progress in the…
Collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions (CRHs) are crucial for security, particularly for message authentication in Zero-knowledge Proof (ZKP) applications. However, traditional CRHs like SHA-2 or SHA-3, while optimized for CPUs,…
Blockchains have seen growing traction with cryptocurrencies reaching a market cap of over 1 trillion dollars, major institution investors taking interests, and global impacts on governments, businesses, and individuals. Also growing…
Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) provers remain costly because multi-scalar multiplication (MSM) and number-theoretic transforms (NTTs) dominate runtime as they need significant computation. AI ASICs such as TPUs provide massive matrix throughput…
Zero-knowledge proofs (zk-Proofs) are communication protocols by which a prover can demonstrate to a verifier that it possesses a solution to a given public problem without revealing the content of the solution. Arbitrary computations can…
Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) mixers are one of the most widely-used blockchain privacy solutions, operating on top of smart contract-enabled blockchains. We find that ZKP mixers are tightly intertwined with the growing number of Decentralized…
Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to convince a verifier of the validity of a statement without leaking any further information. As an efficient variant of ZKP, non-interactive…