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Large language models (LLMs) augmented with external data have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in completing real-world tasks. Techniques for integrating external data into LLMs, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Siyun Zhao , Yuqing Yang , Zilong Wang , Zhiyuan He , Luna K. Qiu , Lili Qiu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a popular technique for using large language models (LLMs) to build customer-support, question-answering solutions. In this paper, we share our team's practical experience building and maintaining…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sarah Packowski , Inge Halilovic , Jenifer Schlotfeldt , Trish Smith

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained traction as a powerful approach for enhancing language models by integrating external knowledge sources. However, RAG introduces challenges such as retrieval latency, potential errors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Brian J Chan , Chao-Ting Chen , Jui-Hung Cheng , Hen-Hsen Huang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have played a significant role in reducing human workload across various domains, a trend that is increasingly extending into the medical field. In this paper, we propose an automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Kyomin Hwang , Nojun Kwak

The integration of multimodal Electronic Health Records (EHR) data has significantly advanced clinical predictive capabilities. Existing models, which utilize clinical notes and multivariate time-series EHR data, often fall short of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yinghao Zhu , Changyu Ren , Zixiang Wang , Xiaochen Zheng , Shiyun Xie , Junlan Feng , Xi Zhu , Zhoujun Li , Liantao Ma , Chengwei Pan

Large language models (LLMs) often generate outdated or inaccurate information based on static training datasets. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this by integrating outside data sources. While previous RAG systems used…

The extraction of critical patient information from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) poses significant challenges due to the complexity and unstructured nature of the data. Traditional machine learning approaches often fail to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhimeng Luo , Abhibha Gupta , Adam Frisch , Daqing He

Large language models (LLMs) have become a disruptive force in the industry, introducing unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing, logical reasoning and so on. However, the challenges of knowledge updates and hallucination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chunjing Gan , Dan Yang , Binbin Hu , Ziqi Liu , Yue Shen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jian Wang , Jun Zhou

Overcoming the limited context limitations in early-generation LLMs, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been a reliable solution for context-based answer generation in the past. Recently, the emergence of long-context LLMs allows the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Tan Yu , Anbang Xu , Rama Akkiraju

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) struggles on long, structured financial filings where relevant evidence is sparse and cross-referenced. This paper presents a systematic investigation of advanced metadata-driven Retrieval-Augmented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Michail Dadopoulos , Anestis Ladas , Stratos Moschidis , Ioannis Negkakis

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are showing promising potential, and are becoming increasingly relevant in AI-powered legal applications. Existing benchmarks, such as LegalBench, assess the generative capabilities of Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Nicholas Pipitone , Ghita Houir Alami

Interest in generative Electrocardiogram-Language Models (ELMs) is growing, as they can produce textual responses conditioned on ECG signals and textual queries. Unlike traditional classifiers that output label probabilities, ELMs are more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xiaoyu Song , William Han , Tony Chen , Chaojing Duan , Michael A. Rosenberg , Emerson Liu , Ding Zhao

Transformers have a quadratic scaling of computational complexity with input size, which limits the input context window size of large language models (LLMs) in both training and inference. Meanwhile, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yimin Tang , Yurong Xu , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi

Extending context windows (i.e., Long Context, LC) and using retrievers to selectively access relevant information (i.e., Retrieval-Augmented Generation, RAG) are the two main strategies to enable LLMs to incorporate extremely long external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Xinze Li , Yixin Cao , Yubo Ma , Aixin Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled a wide range of applications through their powerful capabilities in language understanding and generation. However, as LLMs are trained on static corpora, they face difficulties in addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yongjie Wang , Yue Yu , Kaisong Song , Jun Lin , Zhiqi Shen

A common way to extend the memory of large language models (LLMs) is by retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which inserts text retrieved from a larger memory into an LLM's context window. However, the context window is typically limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Marc Pickett , Jeremy Hartman , Ayan Kumar Bhowmick , Raquib-ul Alam , Aditya Vempaty

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved external knowledge into the generation process. Reasoning models improve LLM performance in multi-hop QA tasks, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Guo Chen , Junjie Huang , Huaijin Xie , Fei Sun , Tao Jia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become an essential approach for extending the reasoning and knowledge capacity of large language models (LLMs). While prior research has primarily focused on retrieval quality and prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiamin Chen , Yuchen Li , Xinyu Ma , Xinran Chen , Xiaokun Zhang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chen Ma , Dawei Yin

While retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been swiftly adopted in industrial applications based on large language models (LLMs), there is no consensus on what are the best practices for building a RAG system in terms of what are the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Liz Li , Wei Zhu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a transformative approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in external knowledge sources. Yet, a critical question persists: how can vast volumes of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Carlo Merola , Jaspinder Singh