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Generative recommender systems have recently attracted attention by formulating next-item prediction as an autoregressive sequence generation task. However, most existing methods optimize standard next-token likelihood and implicitly treat…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wei-Ning Chiu , Chuan-Ju Wang , Pu-Jen Cheng

In multilingual settings, non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages are usually disadvantaged in terms of language models' utility, efficiency, and cost. Specifically, previous studies have reported multiple modeling biases that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Orevaoghene Ahia , Sachin Kumar , Hila Gonen , Valentin Hofmann , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Yulia Tsvetkov , Noah A. Smith

Feed-forward 3D reconstruction models based on Vision Transformers can directly estimate scene geometry and camera poses from a small set of input images, but scaling them to video inputs with hundreds or thousands of frames remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zecheng Tang , Jiaye Fu , Qiankun Gao , Haijie Li , Yanmin Wu , Jiaqi Zhang , Siwei Ma , Jian Zhang

Stable diffusion is an outstanding image generation model for text-to-image, but its time-consuming generation process remains a challenge due to the quadratic complexity of attention operations. Recent token merging methods improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Min-Jeong Lee , Hee-Dong Kim , Seong-Whan Lee

Self-attention and transformers have been widely used in deep learning. Recent efforts have been devoted to incorporating transformer blocks into different neural architectures, including those with convolutions, leading to various visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yancheng Wang , Yingzhen Yang

Deep ensemble is a simple yet powerful way to improve the performance of deep neural networks. Under this motivation, recent works on mode connectivity have shown that parameters of ensembles are connected by low-loss subspaces, and one can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 EungGu Yun , Hyungi Lee , Giung Nam , Juho Lee

Transformer-based entropy models have gained prominence in recent years due to their superior ability to capture long-range dependencies in probability distribution estimation compared to convolution-based methods. However, previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Daxin Li , Yuanchao Bai , Kai Wang , Junjun Jiang , Xianming Liu , Wen Gao

Visual autoregressive models typically adhere to a raster-order ``next-token prediction" paradigm, which overlooks the spatial and temporal locality inherent in visual content. Specifically, visual tokens exhibit significantly stronger…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yefei He , Yuanyu He , Shaoxuan He , Feng Chen , Hong Zhou , Kaipeng Zhang , Bohan Zhuang

Vision transformers have demonstrated remarkable success in a wide range of computer vision tasks over the last years. However, their high computational costs remain a significant barrier to their practical deployment. In particular, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Maxim Bonnaerens , Joni Dambre

Estimating the selectivity of a query is a key step in almost any cost-based query optimizer. Most of today's databases rely on histograms or samples that are periodically refreshed by re-scanning the data as the underlying data changes.…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Yongjoo Park , Shucheng Zhong , Barzan Mozafari

Diffusion language models generate text through iterative refinement, a process that is often computationally inefficient because many tokens reach stability long before the final denoising step. We introduce a training-free, token-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zahar Kohut , Severyn Shykula , Dmytro Khamula , Mykola Vysotskyi , Taras Rumezhak , Volodymyr Karpiv

Autoregressive (AR) visual generators model images as sequences of discrete tokens and are trained with a next-token likelihood objective. This strict causal supervision optimizes each step based only on the immediate next token, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yonghao Yu , Lang Huang , Zerun Wang , Runyi Li , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Vision transformers have recently achieved competitive results across various vision tasks but still suffer from heavy computation costs when processing a large number of tokens. Many advanced approaches have been developed to reduce the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Weicong Liang , Yuhui Yuan , Henghui Ding , Xiao Luo , Weihong Lin , Ding Jia , Zheng Zhang , Chao Zhang , Han Hu

This paper argues that generating output tokens is more effective than using pooled representations for prediction tasks because token-level generation retains more mutual information. Since LLMs are trained on massive text corpora using…

The adoption of Vision Transformers (ViTs) in resource-constrained applications necessitates improvements in inference throughput. To this end several token pruning and merging approaches have been proposed that improve efficiency by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Benjamin Bergner , Christoph Lippert , Aravindh Mahendran

Token compression is crucial for mitigating the quadratic complexity of self-attention mechanisms in Vision Transformers (ViTs), which often involve numerous input tokens. Existing methods, such as ToMe, rely on GPU-inefficient operations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Simin Huo , Ning Li

Ultra-fine-grained image recognition (UFGIR) is a challenging task that involves classifying images within a macro-category. While traditional FGIR deals with classifying different species, UFGIR goes beyond by classifying sub-categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Edwin Arkel Rios , Jansen Christopher Yuanda , Vincent Leon Ghanz , Cheng-Wei Yu , Bo-Cheng Lai , Min-Chun Hu

Autoregressive language models trained with next-token prediction generate text by sampling one discrete token at a time. Although very scalable, this objective forces the model to commit at every step, preventing it from exploring or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lorenzo Noci , Gregor Bachmann , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Moin Nabi

Large-scale transformer models have emerged as a powerful tool for semantic communication systems, enabling edge devices to extract rich representations for robust inference across noisy wireless channels. However, their substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Omar Erak , Omar Alhussein , Hatem Abou-Zeid , Mehdi Bennis

Autoregressive models excel in sequential modeling and have proven to be effective for vision-language data. However, the spatial nature of visual signals conflicts with the sequential dependencies of next-token prediction, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiamian Wang , Ziqi Zhou , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Sohail Dianat , Majid Rabbani , Raghuveer Rao , Chen Qiu , Zhiqiang Tao