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The advent of Multimodal Large Language Models, leveraging the power of Large Language Models, has recently demonstrated superior multimodal understanding and reasoning abilities, heralding a new era for artificial general intelligence.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Lu Qiu , Yi Chen , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Ying Shan , Xihui Liu

The rapidly developing field of large multimodal models (LMMs) has led to the emergence of diverse models with remarkable capabilities. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively, objectively and accurately evaluate whether LMMs…

LLMs exhibit promising Social Intelligence (SI) in modeling human behavior, raising the need to evaluate LLMs' SI and their discrepancy with humans. SI equips humans with interpersonal abilities to behave wisely in navigating social…

Generative AI including large language models (LLMs) has recently gained significant interest in the geo-science community through its versatile task-solving capabilities including programming, arithmetic reasoning, generation of sample…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Hartwig H. Hochmair , Levente Juhasz , Takoda Kemp

As machine intelligence evolves, the need to test and compare the problem-solving abilities of different AI models grows. However, current benchmarks are often simplistic, allowing models to perform uniformly well and making it difficult to…

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a critical yet underexplored dimension in the development of human-aligned LLMs. To address this gap, we introduce a unified, psychologically grounded four-layer taxonomy of EI tailored for large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Nizi Nazar , Ehsaneddin Asgari

Decision-making is a complex process requiring diverse abilities, making it an excellent framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs). Researchers have examined LLMs' decision-making through the lens of Game Theory. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jen-tse Huang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Tian Liang , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Geometric spatial reasoning forms the foundation of many applications in artificial intelligence, yet the ability of large language models (LLMs) to operate over geometric spatial information expressed in procedural code remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shixian Luo , Zezhou Zhu , Yu Yuan , Yuncheng Yang , Lianlei Shan , Yong Wu

Multi-step spatial reasoning entails understanding and reasoning about spatial relationships across multiple sequential steps, which is crucial for tackling complex real-world applications, such as robotic manipulation, autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kexian Tang , Junyao Gao , Yanhong Zeng , Haodong Duan , Yanan Sun , Zhening Xing , Wenran Liu , Kaifeng Lyu , Kai Chen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show significant strides in general-purpose multimodal applications such as visual dialogue and embodied navigation. However, existing multimodal evaluation benchmarks cover a limited number of…

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is often envisioned as inherently embodied. With recent advances in robotics and foundational AI models, we stand at the threshold of a new era-one marked by increasingly generalized embodied AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yequan Wang , Aixin Sun

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive results on vision-language benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether these benchmarks assess genuine global reasoning or allow success via localized visual cues. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Amit Agarwal , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Srikant Panda , Hansa Meghwani , Jyotika Singh , Karan Dua , Paul Li , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

Recent advances in multimodal large language models enable new possibilities for image-based decision support. However, their reliability and operational trade-offs in neuroimaging remain insufficiently understood. We present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Katarina Trojachanec Dineva , Stefan Andonov , Ilinka Ivanoska , Ivan Kitanovski , Sasho Gramatikov , Tamara Kostova , Monika Simjanoska Misheva , Kostadin Mishev

OpenAI's latest large vision-language model (LVLM), GPT-4V(ision), has piqued considerable interest for its potential in medical applications. Despite its promise, recent studies and internal reviews highlight its underperformance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Pengcheng Chen , Ziyan Huang , Zhongying Deng , Tianbin Li , Yanzhou Su , Haoyu Wang , Jin Ye , Yu Qiao , Junjun He

Driven by the large foundation models, the development of artificial intelligence has witnessed tremendous progress lately, leading to a surge of general interest from the public. In this study, we aim to assess the performance of OpenAI's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Chaoyi Wu , Jiayu Lei , Qiaoyu Zheng , Weike Zhao , Weixiong Lin , Xiaoman Zhang , Xiao Zhou , Ziheng Zhao , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Emotion recognition capabilities in multimodal AI systems are crucial for developing culturally responsive educational technologies, yet remain underexplored for Arabic language contexts where culturally appropriate learning tools are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Bushra Asseri , Estabraq Abdelaziz , Maha Al Mogren , Tayef Alhefdhi , Areej Al-Wabil

Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs), such as DeepSeek R1,OpenAI o3, and Gemini 2.5 Pro, have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities across logical inference, problem solving, and decision making. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xiaoxing Lian , Aidong Yang , Jun Zhu , Peng Wang , Yue Zhang

The remarkable achievements of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, particularly in Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), have fueled their extensive deployment across multiple sectors, including Software Engineering (SE).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Sicong Cao , Xiaobing Sun , Ratnadira Widyasari , David Lo , Xiaoxue Wu , Lili Bo , Jiale Zhang , Bin Li , Wei Liu , Di Wu , Yixin Chen

We investigate the presence of cognitive biases in three large language models (LLMs): GPT-4o, Gemma 2, and Llama 3.1. The study uses 1,500 experiments across nine established cognitive biases to evaluate the models' responses and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Payam Saeedi , Mahsa Goodarzi , M Abdullah Canbaz

Scientific figure interpretation is a crucial capability for AI-driven scientific assistants built on advanced Large Vision Language Models. However, current datasets and benchmarks primarily focus on simple charts or other relatively…