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The adoption of machine learning (ML) and, more specifically, deep learning (DL) applications into all major areas of our lives is underway. The development of trustworthy AI is especially important in medicine due to the large implications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Daniel Schwabe , Katinka Becker , Martin Seyferth , Andreas Klaß , Tobias Schäffter

Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) holds a pivotal role in shaping Medical Question Answering Systems (QAS) and transforming the landscape of accessing and applying medical information. However, the inherent challenges in the medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Jimenez Eladio , Hao Wu

Foundation models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling diverse modalities and tasks, outperforming conventional artificial intelligence (AI) approaches that are highly task-specific and modality-reliant. In the medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Xiaochen Wang , Jiaqi Wang , Houping Xiao , Jinghui Chen , Fenglong Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress in encoding clinical knowledge and responding to complex medical queries with appropriate clinical reasoning. However, their applicability in subspecialist or complex medical…

Large language models (LLMs) have immense potential to make information more accessible, particularly in medicine, where complex medical jargon can hinder patient comprehension of clinical notes. We developed a patient-facing tool using…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated high proficiency on English-centric medical examinations, their performance often declines when faced with non-English languages and multimodal diagnostic tasks. This study protocol…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable versatility in recent years, offering potential applications across specialized domains such as healthcare and medicine. Despite the availability of various open-source LLMs tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yanis Labrak , Adrien Bazoge , Emmanuel Morin , Pierre-Antoine Gourraud , Mickael Rouvier , Richard Dufour

Biomedical queries often rely on a deep understanding of specialized knowledge such as gene regulatory mechanisms and pathological processes of diseases. They require detailed analysis of complex physiological processes and effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Congying Liu , Xingyuan Wei , Peipei Liu , Yiqing Shen , Yanxu Mao , Tiehan Cui

Generative large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in various applications, including question-answering (QA) and dialogue systems. However, in specialized domains like traditional Chinese medical QA, these models may perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yang Tan , Mingchen Li , Zijie Huang , Huiqun Yu , Guisheng Fan

This survey explores the transformative impact of foundation models (FMs) in artificial intelligence, focusing on their integration with federated learning (FL) for advancing biomedical research. Foundation models such as ChatGPT, LLaMa,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xingyu Li , Lu Peng , Yuping Wang , Weihua Zhang

Identifying the appropriate regulatory standard applicability remains a critical yet understudied challenge in medical device compliance, frequently necessitating expert interpretation of fragmented and heterogeneous documentation across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yu Han , Aaron Ceross , Jeroen H. M. Bergmann

Large language models hold promise for addressing medical challenges, such as medical diagnosis reasoning, research knowledge acquisition, clinical decision-making, and consumer health inquiry support. However, they often generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhe Chen , Yusheng Liao , Shuyang Jiang , Pingjie Wang , Yiqiu Guo , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Recent technological advances in healthcare have led to unprecedented growth in patient data quantity and diversity. While artificial intelligence (AI) models have shown promising results in analyzing individual data modalities, there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Daan Schouten , Giulia Nicoletti , Bas Dille , Catherine Chia , Pierpaolo Vendittelli , Megan Schuurmans , Geert Litjens , Nadieh Khalili

Although traditional statistical techniques and machine learning methods have contributed significantly to genetics and, in particular, inherited disease diagnosis, they often struggle with complex, high-dimensional data, a challenge now…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Anton Changalidis , Yury Barbitoff , Yulia Nasykhova , Andrey Glotov

Artificial intelligence (AI) is vital in ophthalmology, tackling tasks like diagnosis, classification, and visual question answering (VQA). However, existing AI models in this domain often require extensive annotation and are task-specific,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Danli Shi , Weiyi Zhang , Xiaolan Chen , Yexin Liu , Jiancheng Yang , Siyu Huang , Yih Chung Tham , Yingfeng Zheng , Mingguang He

Medical consumer question answering (CQA) is crucial for empowering patients by providing personalized and reliable health information. Despite recent advances in large language models (LLMs) for medical QA, consumer-oriented and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Naghmeh Jamali , Milad Mohammadi , Danial Baledi , Zahra Rezvani , Hesham Faili

Large language models (LLMs) show significant potential in healthcare, prompting numerous benchmarks to evaluate their capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding the reliability of these benchmarks, which often lack clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wenting Chen , Guo Yu , Yiu-Fai Cheung , Meidan Ding , Jie Liu , Zizhan Ma , Wenxuan Wang , Linlin Shen

Ensuring the accuracy of responses provided by large language models (LLMs) is crucial, particularly in clinical settings where incorrect information may directly impact patient health. To address this challenge, we construct K-QA, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Itay Manes , Naama Ronn , David Cohen , Ran Ilan Ber , Zehavi Horowitz-Kugler , Gabriel Stanovsky

The integration of AI-assisted biomedical image analysis into clinical practice demands AI-generated findings that are not only accurate but also interpretable to clinicians. However, existing biomedical AI models generally lack the ability…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable potential in various domains, yet their application in the medical field is hindered by several challenges. General-purpose MLLMs often lack the specialized knowledge required…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Guanghao Zhu , Zhitian Hou , Zeyu Liu , Zhijie Sang , Congkai Xie , Hongxia Yang