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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in general domains but often struggle with tasks requiring specialized knowledge. Conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques typically retrieve external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yucheng Shi , Tianze Yang , Canyu Chen , Quanzheng Li , Tianming Liu , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

Recent artificial intelligence (AI) systems have reached milestones in "grand challenges" ranging from Go to protein-folding. The capability to retrieve medical knowledge, reason over it, and answer medical questions comparably to…

Solving tough clinical questions that require both image and text understanding is still a major challenge in healthcare AI. In this work, we propose Q-FSRU, a new model that combines Frequency Spectrum Representation and Fusion (FSRU) with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rakesh Thakur , Yusra Tariq , Rakesh Chandra Joshi

The emergent abilities of large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in solving medical questions. They can possess considerable medical knowledge, but may still hallucinate and are inflexible in the knowledge updates.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Guangzhi Xiong , Qiao Jin , Xiao Wang , Minjia Zhang , Zhiyong Lu , Aidong Zhang

Foundation models (FMs) are large-scale deep learning models trained on massive datasets, often using self-supervised learning techniques. These models serve as a versatile base for a wide range of downstream tasks, including those in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Wasif Khan , Seowung Leem , Kyle B. See , Joshua K. Wong , Shaoting Zhang , Ruogu Fang

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has advanced rapidly in recent years, with large language models (LLMs) emerging as a significant breakthrough. LLMs are increasingly making an impact across various industries, with the medical field…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zhiyu Kan , Wensheng Gan , Zhenlian Qi , Philip S. Yu

This study applies Large Language Models (LLMs) to two foundational Electronic Health Record (EHR) data science tasks: structured data querying (using programmatic languages, Python/Pandas) and information extraction from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juan Jose Rubio Jan , Jack Wu , Julia Ive

In modern dynamic constantly developing society, more and more people suffer from chronic and serious diseases and doctors and patients need special and sophisticated medical and health support. Accordingly, prominent health stakeholders…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Mirjana Ivanovic , Serge Autexier , Miltiadis Kokkonidis

The development of medical vision-language foundation models has attracted significant attention in the field of medicine and healthcare due to their promising prospect in various clinical applications. While previous studies have commonly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Weijian Huang , Cheng Li , Hong-Yu Zhou , Jiarun Liu , Hao Yang , Yong Liang , Guangming Shi , Hairong Zheng , Shanshan Wang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant potential in healthcare, particularly in disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Recent progress in Medical Large Vision-Language Models (Med-LVLMs) has opened up new possibilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Peng Xia , Kangyu Zhu , Haoran Li , Tianze Wang , Weijia Shi , Sheng Wang , Linjun Zhang , James Zou , Huaxiu Yao

Large language models (LLMs) and large multimodal models (LMMs) promise to accelerate biomedical discovery, yet their reliability remains unclear. We introduce ARIEL (AI Research Assistant for Expert-in-the-Loop Learning), an open-source…

There is a lack of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in long-form medical question answering (QA). Most existing medical QA evaluation benchmarks focus on automatic metrics and multiple-choice questions. While valuable,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Pedram Hosseini , Jessica M. Sin , Bing Ren , Bryceton G. Thomas , Elnaz Nouri , Ali Farahanchi , Saeed Hassanpour

The development of large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models is influencing neuroscience research by enabling end-to-end learning from raw brain signals and neural data. In this paper, we review applications of large-scale AI models…

Background: Simulated patient systems are important in medical education and research, providing safe, integrative training environments and supporting clinical decision making. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), especially large…

We introduce a novel graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework specifically designed for the medical domain, called \textbf{MedGraphRAG}, aimed at enhancing Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities for generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yunli Qi , Jingkun Chen , Min Xu , Filippo Menolascina , Vicente Grau

Trustworthiness and transparency are essential for the clinical adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare and biomedical research. Recent deep research systems aim to accelerate evidence-grounded scientific discovery by…

Evidence-based medicine promises to improve the quality of healthcare by empowering medical decisions and practices with the best available evidence. The rapid growth of medical evidence, which can be obtained from various sources, poses a…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated surprising performance across various natural language processing tasks. Recently, medical LLMs enhanced with domain-specific knowledge have exhibited excellent capabilities in medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jinqiang Wang , Huansheng Ning , Yi Peng , Qikai Wei , Daniel Tesfai , Wenwei Mao , Tao Zhu , Runhe Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools in medicine, with strong capabilities in language understanding, reasoning, and structured information extraction. Radiation oncology is particularly well suited for LLM…

The implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the healthcare industry has garnered considerable attention, attributable to its prospective enhancement of clinical outcomes, expansion of access to superior healthcare, cost reduction,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Arindam Sett , Somaye Hashemifar , Mrunal Yadav , Yogesh Pandit , Mohsen Hejrati