Related papers: Understanding Fermat's Last Theorem's Proofs
An extension to the factorisation principle as suggested by Fermat is presented.We start from a symmetry of natural numbers and obtain the factorisation principle therefrom.Later it is extended further to test the primality of any natural…
This paper reviews the current state of the art of the mean value theorem due to Thomas M. Flett. We present the results with detailed proofs and provide many new proofs of known results. Moreover, some new observations and yet unpublished…
A key ingredient in the Taylor-Wiles proof of Fermat last theorem is the classical Ihara's lemma which is used to rise the modularity property between some congruent galoisian representations. In their work on Sato-Tate,…
The two squares theorem of Fermat is a gem in number theory, with a spectacular one-sentence "proof from the Book". Here is a formalisation of this proof, with an interpretation using windmill patterns. The theory behind involves…
The sequent calculus is a formalism for proving validity of statements formulated in First-Order Logic. It is routinely used in computer science modules on mathematical logic. Formal proofs in the sequent calculus are finite trees obtained…
The paper gives a unified and simple proof of both theorems and Cousin's theorem.
"Ever since the advent of modern quantum mechanics in the late 1920's, the idea has been prevalent that the classical laws of probability cease, in some sense, to be valid in the new theory. [...] The primary object of this presentation is…
We present a self-contained elementary and detailed exposition of Mertens' own proof of his theorem on the divergence of the series of the reciprocals of the primes and compare it with the modern proofs. His proof contains explicit…
For many years, I have been interested in introducing students to the development of complex systems by means of modelling and refinement. To this end, I did not find anything better than presenting many examples of system developments.…
The divisibility restrictions in the famous equation a n+bn=cn in Fermat Last Theorem (FLT, 1637) is analyzed how it selects out many triples to be Fermat triple (i.e. solutions) if n greater than 2, decreasing the cardinality of Fermat…
Can any element in a sufficiently large finite field be represented as a sum of two $d$th powers in the field? In this article, we recount some of the history of this problem, touching on cyclotomy, Fermat's last theorem, and diagonal…
This paper, commissioned as a survey of the Riemann Hypothesis, provides a comprehensive overview of 165 years of mathematical approaches to this fundamental problem, while introducing a new perspective that emerged during its preparation.…
This perspective provides a succinct history of Fermi's golden rule (FGR), overview of its derivation, assumptions, and representative forms. Major applications of FGR, mostly in the field of chemical physics, are reviewed. These illustrate…
Alpoge and Granville (separately) gave novel proofs that the primes are infinite that use Ramsey Theory. In particular, they use Van der Waerden's Theorem and some number theory. We prove the primes are infinite using an easier theorem from…
We propose conjectural generalizations of the Fermat-Catalan conjecture, the Tijdeman-Zagier conjecture, and of the Fermat Last Theorem, in which powers are replaced by products of integers. We also formulate a new explicit version of the…
The Modular Group provides simple proofs of Fermat's representations: X^2+Y^2 for primes congruent to 1 (mod 4) and by X^2+3Y^2 for primes congruent to 1 (mod 3)
The purpose of this study, mainly historical and pedagogical, is to investigate the physical-mathematical similitudes of the spectroscopic and beta decay Fermi theories. Both theories were formulated using quantum perturbative theory that…
This study use some philological and historical means in order to understand Fermat's way of thinking.
It is well known that the strong subadditivity theorem is hold for classical system, but it is very difficult to prove that it is hold for quantum system. The first proof of this theorem is due to Lieb by using the Lieb's theorem. Here we…
Descent theory (a modern formulation of Fermat's classical method of infinite descent) is a powerful tool in arithmetic geometry. In this article, we reinterpret descent theory through the lens of quotient stacks and apply it in the setting…