Related papers: Understanding Fermat's Last Theorem's Proofs
The authors study the classical Lagrange inversion theorem--an antecedent of the modern implicit function theorem--in the smooth case. Examples are given to show that the result is sharp.
The aim of this short note is to present an elementary, self-contained, and direct proof for the classical Lebesgue decomposition theorem.
{\bf In the fourth extended version of this article, we provide a comprehensive historical survey of 200 different proofs of famous Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of prime numbers (300 {\small B.C.}--2022)}. The author is trying to…
In this paper we prove that no consistent finitely axiomatized theory one-dimensionally interprets its own extension with predicative comprehension. This constitutes a result with the flavor of the Second Incompleteness Theorem whose…
We give a modern account of Agafonov's original proof of his eponymous theorem. The original proof was only reported in Russian in a journal not widely available, and the work most commonly cited in western literature is instead the English…
While it is widely agreed that Bell's theorem is an important result in the foundations of quantum physics, there is much disagreement about what exactly Bell's theorem shows. It is agreed that Bell derived a contradiction with experimental…
In this note we give two proofs of Brooks' Theorem. The first is obtained by modifying an earlier proof and the second by combining two earlier proofs. We believe these proofs are easier to teach in Computer Science courses.
We present short proofs of the transcendence of the Liouville and the Mahler numbers. The first proof is known for a long time, the second proof apparently appeared only in 2002-2003. The proofs are accessible to high-school students.
I present the proof of Goedel's First Incompleteness theorem in an intuitive manner, while covering all technically challenging steps. I present generalizations of Goedel's fixed point lemma to two-sentence and multi-sentence versions,…
Sophie Germain (1776-1831) was the first woman we know who did important original research in mathematics, specifically in elasticity theory and number theory. Celebrating her semiquincentennial year, we outline Germain's recently unearthed…
In this paper, we consider sums of generalized polygonal numbers with repeats, generalizing Fermat's polygonal number theorem which was proven by Cauchy. In particular, we obtain the minimal number of generalized $m$-gonal numbers required…
This article provides a simple proof of the quadratic formula, which also produces an efficient and natural method for solving general quadratic equations. The derivation is computationally light and conceptually natural, and has the…
Mathematics can serve many functions in physics. It can provide a computational system, reflect a physical idea, conveniently encode a rule, and so forth. A physics student thus has many different options for using mathematics in his…
Herbrand's Theorem is a fundamental result in mathematical logic which provides a reduction of first-order formulas satisfied by a universal class to formulas free of existential quantifiers. In this work, a simpler and self-contained…
This is an expanded version of talks given by the author at the Trieste Spring School on Supergravity and Superstrings in April of 1997 and at the accompanying workshop. The manuscript is intended to be a mini-review of Matrix Theory. The…
The polynomials $x^n + (1-x)^n + a^n$ arise naturally from FLT (Fermat's Last Theorem). We formulate a conjecture about them which is a generalization of FLT. We investigate the complex roots of these polynomials, and our main result is…
We give a sufficient and necessary condition for a p-adic integer to have p-th root in the ring of p-adic integers. The same condition holds clearly for residues modulo p^k. We give a proof that Fermat's last theorem is false for p-adic…
Recently the Fermi GBM and LAT Collaborations reported their new observational data disfavoring quite a number of the quantum gravity theories, including the one suggesting the nonlinear (logarithmic) modification of a quantum wave…
In this short paper we review and extract some features of the Fredholm Alternative problem .
Recent observational advances have considerably improved the cosmological tests, adding to the lines of evidence, and showing that some issues under discussion just a few years ago may now be considered resolved or irrelevant. Other issues…