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In recent years, dataset distillation has provided a reliable solution for data compression, where models trained on the resulting smaller synthetic datasets achieve performance comparable to those trained on the original datasets. To…

Optimizing credit limits, interest rates, and loan terms is crucial for managing borrower risk and lifetime value (LTV) in personal loan platform. However, counterfactual estimation of these continuous, multi-dimensional treatments faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Kexin Zhao , Bo Wang , Cuiying Zhao , Tongyao Wan

Purpose: Surgical workflow recognition enables context-aware assistance and skill assessment in computer-assisted interventions. Despite recent advances, current methods suffer from two critical challenges: prediction jitter across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yueyao Chen , Kai-Ni Wang , Dario Tayupo , Arnaud Huaulm'e , Krystel Nyangoh Timoh , Pierre Jannin , Qi Dou

Reinforcement learning for large language models faces a fundamental trade-off between sample efficiency and asymptotic performance: strictly on-policy methods discard trajectories after a single update, while off-policy reuse introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Changyu Chen , Xiting Wang , Rui Yan

Combining the results of different search engines in order to improve upon their performance has been the subject of many research papers. This has become known as the "Data Fusion" task, and has great promise in dealing with the vast…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Weinan Huang , Junyi Chen , Lei Meng , David Lillis

Emerging data-driven approaches, such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL), aim at on-the-field learning of powertrain control policies that optimize fuel economy and other performance metrics. Indeed, they have shown great potential in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-30 Lindsey Kerbel , Beshah Ayalew , Andrej Ivanco

This study investigates the identification power gained by combining experimental data, in which treatment is randomized, with observational data, in which treatment is self-selected, for distributional treatment effect (DTE) parameters.…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-24 Shosei Sakaguchi

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) holds great promise for deriving optimal policies from observational data, but challenges related to interpretability and evaluation limit its practical use in safety-critical domains. Interpretability is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Anton Matsson , Yaochen Rao , Heather J. Litman , Fredrik D. Johansson

The ICH E9(R1) addendum provides guidelines on accounting for intercurrent events in clinical trials using the estimands framework. However, there has been limited attention to the estimands framework for meta-analysis. Using treatment…

We propose a novel framework for synthesizing counterfactual treatment group data in a target site by integrating full treatment and control group data from a source site with control group data from the target. Departing from conventional…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-14 Borna Bateni , Yubai Yuan , Qi Xu , Annie Qu

A randomized trial and an analysis of observational data designed to emulate the trial sample observations separately, but have the same eligibility criteria, collect information on some shared baseline covariates, and compare the effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-29 Issa J. Dahabreh , Jon A. Steingrimsson , James M. Robins , Miguel A. Hernán

Dataset distillation extracts a small set of synthetic training samples from a large dataset with the goal of achieving competitive performance on test data when trained on this sample. In this work, we tackle dataset distillation at its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yunzhen Feng , Ramakrishna Vedantam , Julia Kempe

Probabilistic sampling methods have become very popular to solve single-shot path planning problems. Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRTs) in particular have been shown to be very efficient in solving high dimensional problems. Even though…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-12-03 Nicolas A. Barriga , Mauricio Araya-López , Mauricio Solar

Click-through rate (CTR) Prediction is of great importance in real-world online ads systems. One challenge for the CTR prediction task is to capture the real interest of users from their clicked items, which is inherently biased by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Congcong Liu , Yuejiang Li , Jian Zhu , Xiwei Zhao , Changping Peng , Zhangang Lin , Jingping Shao

An individualized treatment rule (ITR) is a decision rule that aims to improve individual patients health outcomes by recommending optimal treatments according to patients specific information. In observational studies, collected data may…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-03 Zeyu Bian , Erica EM Moodie , Susan M Shortreed , Sylvie D Lambert , Sahir Bhatnagar

When multiple investigators analyze a common dataset, the data reuse induces dependence across testing procedures, affecting the distribution of errors. Existing techniques of managing dependent tests require either cross-study coordination…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Reid Dale , Jordan Rodu , Maria E. Currie , Mike Baiocchi

Drug combination therapy is a well-established strategy for disease treatment with better effectiveness and less safety degradation. However, identifying novel drug combinations through wet-lab experiments is resource intensive due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Zhihang Hu , Qinze Yu , Yucheng Guo , Taifeng Wang , Irwin King , Xin Gao , Le Song , Yu Li

Cluster-level dynamic treatment regimens can be used to guide sequential, intervention or treatment decision-making at the cluster level in order to improve outcomes at the individual or patient-level. In a cluster-level DTR, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-15 Timothy NeCamp , Amy Kilbourne , Daniel Almirall

An optimal dynamic treatment regime (DTR) is a sequence of decision rules aimed at providing the best course of treatments individualized to patients. While conventional DTR estimation uses longitudinal data, such data can also be…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Larry Dong , Eleanor Pullenayegum , Rodolphe Thiébaut , Olli Saarela

Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) provide a systematic framework for constructing and evaluating dynamic treatment regimens (DTRs). In clinical studies, longitudinal biomarkers are routinely collected to monitor…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-06 Zhengxi Chen , Holly Hartman