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High energy physics (HEP) experiments at the LHC generate data at a rate of $\mathcal{O}(10)$ Terabits per second. This data rate is expected to exponentially increase as experiments will be upgraded in the future to achieve higher…
Driven by the increasing volume of recorded data, the demand for simulation from experiments based at the Large Hadron Collider will rise sharply in the coming years. Addressing this demand solely with existing computationally intensive…
The determination of charged particle trajectories in collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an important but challenging problem, especially in the high interaction density conditions expected during the future…
Reconstructing charged particle tracks is a fundamental task in modern collider experiments. The unprecedented particle multiplicities expected at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) pose significant challenges for track…
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which collides protons at an energy of 14 TeV, produces hundreds of exabytes of data per year, making it one of the largest sources of data in the world today. At present it is not possible to even transfer…
We develop and study FPGA implementations of algorithms for charged particle tracking based on graph neural networks. The two complementary FPGA designs are based on OpenCL, a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous…
The ATLAS experiment at CERN measures energy of proton-proton (p-p) collisions with a repetition frequency of 40 MHz at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The readout electronics of liquid-argon (LAr) calorimeters are being prepared for high…
The LHCb experiment at CERN has undergone a comprehensive upgrade, including a complete re-design of the trigger system into a hybrid-architecture, software-only system that delivers ten times more interesting signals per unit time than its…
Machine learning algorithms are being used more frequently in the first-level triggers in collider experiments, with Graph Neural Networks pushing the hardware requirements of FPGA-based triggers beyond the current state of the art. To meet…
An evolved real-time data processing strategy is proposed for high-energy physics experiments, and its implementation at the LHCb experiment is presented. The reduced event model allows not only the signal candidate firing the trigger to be…
The physics programme of the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider requires an efficient and precise reconstruction of the particle collision vertices. The LHCb Upgrade detector relies on a fully software-based trigger with an online…
A large hadron machine like the LHC with its high track multiplicities always asks for powerful tools that drastically reduce the large background while selecting signal events efficiently. Actually such tools are widely needed and used in…
After a highly successful first data taking period at the LHC, the LHCb experiment developed a new trigger strategy with a real-time reconstruction, alignment and calibration for Run II. This strategy relies on offline-like track…
Finding tracks downstream of the magnet at the earliest LHCb trigger level is not part of the baseline plan of the upgrade trigger, on account of the significant CPU time required to execute the search. Many long-lived particles, such as…
In the forthcoming years the LHC experiments are going to be upgraded to benefit from the substantial increase of the LHC instantaneous luminosity, which will lead to larger, denser events, and, consequently, greater complexity in…
Faced with physical and energy density limitations on clock speed, contemporary microprocessor designers have increasingly turned to on-chip parallelism for performance gains. Algorithms should accordingly be designed with ample amounts of…
The increasing computing power and bandwidth of FPGAs opens new possibilities in the field of real-time processing of high-energy physics data. The LHCb experiment has implemented a cluster-finder FPGA architecture aimed at reconstructing…
The increasing luminosities of future Large Hadron Collider runs and next generation of collider experiments will require an unprecedented amount of simulated events to be produced. Such large scale productions are extremely demanding in…
The planned high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will bring much higher data rates that are far above the capabilities of currently installed software-based data processing systems. Therefore, new methods must…
Power density constraints are limiting the performance improvements of modern CPUs. To address this we have seen the introduction of lower-power, multi-core processors such as GPGPU, ARM and Intel MIC. To stay within the power density…