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Large language models LLMs like ChatGPT have reached the 100 Mio user barrier in record time and might increasingly enter all areas of our life leading to a diverse set of interactions between those Artificial Intelligence models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Johannes Schneider , Steffi Haag , Leona Chandra Kruse

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs), and the availability of services that make them accessible, have led the general public to begin incorporating them into everyday life. The…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Efe Bozkir , Enkelejda Kasneci

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human behavior, but their ability to simulate $individual$ privacy decisions is not well understood. In this paper, we address the problem of evaluating whether a core set of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 James Flemings , Murali Annavaram

LLM-based Conversational AIs (CAIs), also known as GenAI chatbots, like ChatGPT, are increasingly used across various domains, but they pose privacy risks, as users may disclose personal information during their conversations with CAIs.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xiao Zhan , Juan Carlos Carrillo , William Seymour , Jose Such

Large language models have been useful in expanding mental health care delivery. ChatGPT, in particular, has gained popularity for its ability to generate human-like dialogue. However, data-sensitive domains -- including but not limited to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Anaelia Ovalle , Mehrab Beikzadeh , Parshan Teimouri , Kai-Wei Chang , Majid Sarrafzadeh

People increasingly hold sustained, open-ended conversations with large language models (LLMs). Public reports and early studies suggest that, in such settings, models can reinforce delusional or conspiratorial ideation or even amplify…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peter Kirgis , Ben Hawriluk , Sherrie Feng , Aslan Bilimer , Sam Paech , Zeynep Tufekci

Recent Large Language Model (LLM) based AI can exhibit recognizable and measurable personality traits during conversations to improve user experience. However, as human understandings of their personality traits can be affected by their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jingshu Li , Tianqi Song , Nattapat Boonprakong , Zicheng Zhu , Yitian Yang , Yi-Chieh Lee

The introduction of ChatGPT and the subsequent improvement of Large Language Models (LLMs) have prompted more and more individuals to turn to the use of ChatBots, both for information and assistance with decision-making. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Vahid Ghafouri , Vibhor Agarwal , Yong Zhang , Nishanth Sastry , Jose Such , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

Political polling is a multi-billion dollar industry with outsized influence on the societal trajectory of the United States and nations around the world. However, it has been challenged by factors that stress its cost, availability, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Nathan E. Sanders , Alex Ulinich , Bruce Schneier

ChatGPT is another large language model (LLM) vastly available for the consumers on their devices but due to its performance and ability to converse effectively, it has gained a huge popularity amongst research as well as industrial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sunder Ali Khowaja , Parus Khuwaja , Kapal Dev , Weizheng Wang , Lewis Nkenyereye

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into daily life through conversational interfaces, processing user data via natural language inputs and exhibiting advanced reasoning capabilities, which raises new concerns about…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhuoyang Li , Yanlai Wu , Yao Li , Xinning Gui , Yuhan Luo

AI tools, particularly large-scale language model (LLM) based applications such as ChatGPT, have the potential to simplify qualitative research. Through semi-structured interviews with seventeen participants, we identified challenges and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-14 He Zhang , Chuhao Wu , Jingyi Xie , Yao Lyu , Jie Cai , John M. Carroll

Romantic AI chatbots have quickly attracted users, but their emotional use raises concerns about privacy and safety. As people turn to these systems for intimacy, comfort, and emotionally significant interaction, they often disclose highly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kazi Ababil Azam , Imtiaz Karim , Dipto Das

Increasingly powerful Large Language Model (LLM) based chatbots, like ChatGPT and Bard, are becoming available to users that have the potential to revolutionize the quality of decision-making achieved by the public. In this context, we set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Kausik Lakkaraju , Sai Krishna Revanth Vuruma , Vishal Pallagani , Bharath Muppasani , Biplav Srivastava

Individuals are turning to increasingly anthropomorphic, general-purpose chatbots for AI companionship, rather than roleplay-specific platforms. However, not much is known about how individuals perceive and conduct their relationships with…

The increasing popularity of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has led to growing concerns about their safety, security risks, and ethical implications. This paper aims to provide an overview of the different types of security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Erik Derner , Kristina Batistič

The past few decades have witnessed an upsurge in data, forming the foundation for data-hungry, learning-based AI technology. Conversational agents, often referred to as AI chatbots, rely heavily on such data to train large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Sumit Kumar Dam , Choong Seon Hong , Yu Qiao , Chaoning Zhang

As chatbots are becoming increasingly popular, we often wonder what users perceive as natural and socially accepted manners of interacting with them. Some researchers maintain that humans should avoid engaging in emotional conversations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Ekaterina Svikhnushina , Pearl Pu

Developing high-performing dialogue systems benefits from the automatic identification of undesirable behaviors in system responses. However, detecting such behaviors remains challenging, as it draws on a breadth of general knowledge and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Sarah E. Finch , Ellie S. Paek , Jinho D. Choi

People are increasingly seeking healthcare information from large language models (LLMs) via interactive chatbots, yet the nature and inherent risks of these conversations remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we filter large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Akshay Paruchuri , Maryam Aziz , Rohit Vartak , Ayman Ali , Best Uchehara , Xin Liu , Ishan Chatterjee , Monica Agrawal