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The recent DeepSeek-R1 has showcased the emergence of reasoning capabilities in LLMs through reinforcement learning (RL) with rule-based rewards. Despite its success in language models, its application in multi-modal domains, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhengxi Lu , Yuxiang Chai , Yaxuan Guo , Xi Yin , Liang Liu , Hao Wang , Han Xiao , Shuai Ren , Guanjing Xiong , Hongsheng Li

Existing efforts in building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents largely rely on the training paradigm of supervised fine-tuning on Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, this approach not only demands extensive amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Run Luo , Lu Wang , Wanwei He , Longze Chen , Jiaming Li , Xiaobo Xia

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding - the task of mapping natural language instructions to screen coordinates - is essential for autonomous agents and accessibility technologies. Existing systems rely on monolithic models or one-shot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 SeokJoo Kwak , Jihoon Kim , Boyoun Kim , Jung Jae Yoon , Wooseok Jang , Jeonghoon Hong , Jaeho Yang , Yeong-Dae Kwon

GUI grounding, which maps natural-language instructions to actionable UI elements, is a core capability of GUI agents. Prior works largely treats instructions as a static proxy for user intent, overlooking the impact of instruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Liangyu Chen , Hanzhang Zhou , Chenglin Cai , Jianan Zhang , Panrong Tong , Quyu Kong , Xu Zhang , Chen Liu , Yuqi Liu , Wenxuan Wang , Yue Wang , Qin Jin , Steven Hoi

As digital environments (data distribution) are in flux, with new GUI data arriving over time-introducing new domains or resolutions-agents trained on static environments deteriorate in performance. In this work, we introduce Continual GUI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ziwei Liu , Borui Kang , Hangjie Yuan , Zixiang Zhao , Wei Li , Yifan Zhu , Tao Feng

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents are designed to automate complex tasks on digital devices, such as smartphones and desktops. Most existing GUI agents interact with the environment through extracted structured data, which can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Kanzhi Cheng , Qiushi Sun , Yougang Chu , Fangzhi Xu , Yantao Li , Jianbing Zhang , Zhiyong Wu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled autonomous agents to interact with computers via Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), where accurately localizing the coordinates of interface elements (e.g., buttons) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hyunseok Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , Beomjun Kim , Jihoon Tack , Chansong Jo , Jaehong Lee , Cheonbok Park , Sookyo In , Jinwoo Shin , Kang Min Yoo

Graphical User Interface (GUI) tasks are vital for automating workflows such as software testing, user interface navigation. For users, the GUI is the most intuitive platform for interacting with a computer. Previous work identified a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Zheng Hui , Yinheng Li , Dan zhao , Tianyi Chen , Colby Banbury , Kazuhito Koishida

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

Grounding natural language queries in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) poses unique challenges due to the diversity of visual elements, spatial clutter, and the ambiguity of language. In this paper, we introduce DiMo-GUI, a training-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Hang Wu , Hongkai Chen , Yujun Cai , Chang Liu , Qingwen Ye , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Yiwei Wang

Humans can flexibly switch between different modes of thinking based on task complexity: from rapid intuitive judgments to in-depth analytical understanding. However, current Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding systems which locate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Fei Tang , Yongliang Shen , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Wenqi Zhang , Wenqiao Zhang , Kaitao Song , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has propelled the development of autonomous agents that operate on Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) using pure visual input. A fundamental challenge is robustly grounding natural…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have markedly expanded the competence of graphical user-interface (GUI) systems, propelling them beyond controlled simulations into complex, real-world environments across diverse platforms. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bin Lei , Nuo Xu , Ali Payani , Mingyi Hong , Chunhua Liao , Yu Cao , Caiwen Ding

Recently, there has been a surge of vision-based GUI agents designed to automate everyday mobile and web tasks. These agents interpret raw GUI screenshots and autonomously decide where to click, scroll, or type, which bypasses handcrafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Zaitang Li , Yonglin Wang , Hongming Zhang , Ninghao Liu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Despite the rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their ability to perform reliable visual grounding in high-stakes clinical software environments remains underexplored. Existing GUI benchmarks largely focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Rozain Shakeel , Abdul Rahman Mohammad Ali , Muneeb Mushtaq , Tausifa Jan Saleem , Tajamul Ashraf

GUI grounding is a critical capability for enabling GUI agents to execute tasks such as clicking and dragging. However, in complex scenarios like the ScreenSpot-Pro benchmark, existing models often suffer from suboptimal performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Borui Zhang , Bo Zhang , Bo Wang , Wenzhao Zheng , Yuhao Cheng , Liang Tang , Yiqiang Yan , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding, the process of mapping human instructions to GUI actions, serves as a fundamental basis to autonomous GUI agents. While existing grounding models achieve promising performance to simulate the mouse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zeyi Liao , Yadong Lu , Boyu Gou , Huan Sun , Ahmed Awadallah

Recent advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have led to significant progress in developing GUI agents for general tasks such as web browsing and mobile phone use. However, their application in professional domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Kaixin Li , Ziyang Meng , Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Yuchen Tian , Jing Ma , Zhiyong Huang , Tat-Seng Chua

Training effective Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for GUI agents typically depends on large-scale annotated datasets, whose collection is both labor-intensive and error-prone. We introduce K-step GUI Transition, a self-supervised inverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Longxi Gao , Li Zhang , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Mengwei Xu

Recent advances in GUI agents have achieved remarkable grounding and action-prediction performance, yet existing models struggle with unreliable reward signals and limited online trajectory generation. In this paper, we introduce Orcust, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junyu Lu , Songxin Zhang , Zejian Xie , Zhuoyang Song , Jiaxing Zhang