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We propose to utilize an instruction-tuned large language model (LLM) for guiding the text generation process in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Modern large language models (LLMs) are adept at performing various text generation tasks…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-08 Yosuke Higuchi , Tetsuji Ogawa , Tetsunori Kobayashi

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform a wide range of tasks given natural language instructions to do so, but they are sensitive to how such instructions are phrased. This issue is especially concerning in healthcare,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in instruction-following, becoming increasingly crucial across various applications. However, this capability brings with it the risk of prompt injection attacks, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zekun Li , Baolin Peng , Pengcheng He , Xifeng Yan

Electronic health records (EHRs) contain valuable patient data for health-related prediction tasks, such as disease prediction. Traditional approaches rely on supervised learning methods that require large labeled datasets, which can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Hejie Cui , Zhuocheng Shen , Jieyu Zhang , Hui Shao , Lianhui Qin , Joyce C. Ho , Carl Yang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results in medical diagnosis, with some studies indicating superior performance compared to human physicians in specific scenarios. However, the diagnostic capabilities of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zhoujian Sun , Ziyi Liu , Cheng Luo , Jiebin Chu , Zhengxing Huang

In the rapidly changing healthcare landscape, the implementation of offline reinforcement learning (RL) in dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) presents a mix of unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This position paper offers a critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhiyao Luo , Yangchen Pan , Peter Watkinson , Tingting Zhu

Meta-analyses statistically aggregate the findings of different randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess treatment effectiveness. Because this yields robust estimates of treatment effectiveness, results from meta-analyses are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hye Sun Yun , David Pogrebitskiy , Iain J. Marshall , Byron C. Wallace

We present DM-Bench, the first benchmark designed to evaluate large language model (LLM) performance across real-world decision-making tasks faced by individuals managing diabetes in their daily lives. Unlike prior health benchmarks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Maria Ana Cardei , Josephine Lamp , Mark Derdzinski , Karan Bhatia

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) offer unprecedented natural language understanding and generation capabilities. However, existing surveys on LLMs in biomedicine often focus on specific applications or model…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, yet their potential for sequential decision-making remains underexplored. In this paper, we study the ICL capabilities of LLMs in sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Minmin Zhang , Sina Aghaei , Soroush Saghafian

Recently, Large Language Models (LLM) have demonstrated impressive capability to solve a wide range of tasks. However, despite their success across various tasks, no prior work has investigated their capability in the biomedical domain yet.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Israt Jahan , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Chun Peng , Jimmy Huang

One of the major barriers to using large language models (LLMs) in medicine is the perception they use uninterpretable methods to make clinical decisions that are inherently different from the cognitive processes of clinicians. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Thomas Savage , Ashwin Nayak , Robert Gallo , Ekanath Rangan , Jonathan H Chen

In practice, clinicians achieve a diagnosis by following a sequence of steps, such as laboratory exams, observations, or imaging. The pathways to reach diagnosis decisions are documented by guidelines authored by expert organizations, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Elisa Castagnari , Lillian Muyama , Adrien Coulet

Large language models (LLMs) excel on many NLP benchmarks, but their behavior on real-world, semi-structured prediction remains underexplored. We present LlaMADRS, a benchmark for structured clinical assessment from dialogue built on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gaoussou Youssouf Kebe , Jeffrey M. Girard , Einat Liebenthal , Justin Baker , Fernando De la Torre , Louis-Philippe Morency

The introduction of large language models (LLMs) has greatly enhanced the capabilities of software agents. Instead of relying on rule-based interactions, agents can now interact in flexible ways akin to humans. However, this flexibility…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Joar Sabel , Mattias Wingren , Andreas Lundell , Sören Andersson , Sara Rosenberg , Susanne Hägglund , Linda Estman , Malin Andtfolk

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. Despite this, their application to information retrieval (IR) tasks is still challenging due to the infrequent occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yutao Zhu , Peitian Zhang , Chenghao Zhang , Yifei Chen , Binyu Xie , Zheng Liu , Ji-Rong Wen , Zhicheng Dou

The remarkable advancements in large language models (LLMs) have brought about significant improvements in Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of in-context learning techniques, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yinheng Li

Recent works on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the impact of prompting strategies and fine-tuning techniques on their reasoning capabilities. Yet, their effectiveness on clinical natural language inference (NLI) remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Mael Jullien , Marco Valentino , Leonardo Ranaldi , Andre Freitas

Machine reasoning has made great progress in recent years owing to large language models (LLMs). In the clinical domain, however, most NLP-driven projects mainly focus on clinical classification or reading comprehension, and under-explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Taeyoon Kwon , Kai Tzu-iunn Ong , Dongjin Kang , Seungjun Moon , Jeong Ryong Lee , Dosik Hwang , Yongsik Sim , Beomseok Sohn , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

Significant scientific discoveries have driven the progress of human civilisation. The explosion of scientific literature and data has created information barriers across disciplines that have slowed the pace of scientific discovery. Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Biqing Qi , Kaiyan Zhang , Haoxiang Li , Kai Tian , Sihang Zeng , Zhang-Ren Chen , Bowen Zhou
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