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Optical coating, an integral part of many optical systems, is prone to damage from environmental exposure and laser irradiation. This underscores the need for reliable and sensitive coating diagnostics. We introduce second harmonic…

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a fundamental nonlinear optical process widely used in photonics; however, it is strictly forbidden in the bulk of centrosymmetric materials due to their inversion symmetry. Nevertheless, applying an…

Recently, nonlinear hybrid metasurface comes into an attractive new concept in the research of nanophotonics and nanotechnology. It is composed of semiconductors with an intrinsically large nonlinear susceptibility and traditional plasmonic…

Optics · Physics 2018-03-14 Jiawei Chen , Kai Wang , Hua Long , Xiaobo Han , Hongbo Hu , Weiwei Liu , Bing Wang , Peixiang Lu

We use second and third harmonic generation microscopy to investigate the nonlinear optical response of GaAs nanocavities embedded in a gold film and compare them to bare GaAs nanocavities. Our results reveal that the surrounding metallic…

We demonstrate a nonlinear plasmonic metasurface that exhibits strongly asymmetric second-harmonic generation: nonlinear scattering is efficient upon excitation in one direction and it is substantially suppressed when the excitation…

Nonreciprocal devices that allow the light propagation in only one direction are indispensable in photonic circuits and emerging quantum technologies. Contemporary optical isolators and circulators, however, require large size or strong…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-10-12 Shingo Toyoda , Manfred Fiebig , Taka-hisa Arima , Yoshinori Tokura , Naoki Ogawa

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a powerful probe of electron dynamics on attosecond to femtosecond timescales and has been successfully used to detect electronic and structural changes in solid-state quantum materials, including…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-21 Daniel A. Rehn , Towfiq Ahmed , Jinkyoung Yoo , Rohit Prasankumar , Jian-Xin Zhu

The inherently weak nonlinear optical response of bulk materials remains a fundamental limitation in advancing photonic technologies. Nanophotonics addresses this challenge by tailoring the size and morphology of nanostructures to…

We demonstrate phase-matched second-harmonic generation (SHG) from three-dimensional metamaterials consisting of stacked metasurfaces. To achieve phase matching, we utilize a novel mechanism based on phase engineering of the metasurfaces at…

We show that optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) can be observed from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and, furthermore, allows imaging of individual tubes. Detailed analysis of our results suggests that the…

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a fundamental tool in modern laser technology, enabling coherent frequency conversion to remote optical bands, serving as the basis for self-referenced femtosecond lasers and quadrature-squeezed light…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-10 Nikolai Kuznetsov , Zihan Li , Tobias J. Kippenberg

We present a novel spectroscopic technique for second harmonic generation (SHG) using femtosecond laser pulses at 30~kHz repetition rate, which nevertheless provides high spectral resolution limited only by the spectrometer. The potential…

We demonstrate a simple and scalable approach to increase conversion efficiencies of nonlinear metasurfaces by incorporating them into multipass cells and by letting the pump beam to interact with the metasurfaces multiple times. We…

The efficient optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, coupled with their atomic thickness that circumvents the phase-match problem, has garnered considerable attention. While various 2D heterostructures…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-31 Wontaek Kim , Gyouil Jeong , Juseung Oh , Jihun Kim , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Sunmin Ryu

Boosting nonlinear frequency conversion in extremely confined volumes remains a key challenge in nano-optics, nanomedicine, photocatalysis, and background-free biosensing. To this aim, field enhancements in plasmonic nanostructures are…

The enhanced electric field at plasmonic resonances in nanoscale antennas can lead to efficient harmonic generation, especially when the plasmonic geometry is asymmetric on either inter-particle or intra-particle levels. The planar…

We report on strong enhancement of mid-infrared second harmonic generation (SHG) from SiC nanopillars due to the resonant excitation of localized surface phonon-polaritons within the Reststrahlen band. The magnitude of the SHG peak at the…

We theoretically investigate the second harmonic generation (SHG) of topological insulator surface states in a perpendicular magnetic field. Our theory is based on the microscopic expression of the second-order magneto-optical conductivity…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Kainan Chang , Muhammad Zubair , Jin Luo Cheng , Wang-Kong Tse

The notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking has been used to describe phase transitions in a variety of physical systems. In crystalline solids, the breaking of certain symmetries, such as mirror symmetry, is difficult to detect…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-07-01 Bryan T. Fichera , Anshul Kogar , Linda Ye , Bilal Gökce , Alfred Zong , Joseph G. Checkelsky , Nuh Gedik

Electrical tuning of second-order nonlinearity in optical materials is attractive to strengthen and expand the functionalities of nonlinear optical technologies, though its implementation remains elusive. Here, we report the electrically…