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Related papers: Information in 4D-STEM: Where it is, and How to Us…

200 papers

Optical diffraction tomography is an indispensable tool for studying objects in three-dimensions due to its ability to accurately reconstruct scattering objects. Until now this technique has been limited to coherent light because spatial…

Forward and backward scattering provide complementary volumetric and interfacial information, yet conventional three-dimensional (3D) imaging typically accesses only one. In this Letter, we present a substrate-enhanced diffraction…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-05 Tongyu Li , Yi Shen , Dashan Dong , Danchen Jia , Jianpeng Ao , Ji-Xin Cheng , Lei Tian

Accurate computational ptychographic phase reconstructions are enabled by fast direct-electron cameras with high dynamic ranges used for four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM). The availability of open software…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-05-01 Toma Susi

Aspects of transmission electron goniometry are discussed. Combined with high resolution phase contrast transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic resolution scanning TEM (STEM) in the atomic number contrast (Z-STEM) or the phase…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Moeck , Philip Fraundorf

Despite advancements in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) detector speeds, the acquisition rates of 4-Dimensional (4D) EBSD data, i.e., a collection of 2-dimensional (2D) diffraction maps for every position of a convergent electron…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-02 Zoë Broad , Daniel Nicholls , Jack Wells , Alex W. Robinson , Amirafshar Moshtaghpour , Robert Masters , Louise Hughes , Nigel D. Browning

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) enables mapping of diffraction information with nanometer-scale spatial resolution, offering detailed insight into local structure, orientation, and strain. However, as…

Nowadays, modern electron microscopes deliver images at atomic scale. The precise atomic structure encodes information about material properties. Thus, an important ingredient in the image analysis is to locate the centers of the atoms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Benjamin Berkels , Benedikt Wirth

The three scanning electron microscope diffraction based techniques of electron channelling patterns (ECPs), electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI), and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) are reviewed. The dynamical diffraction…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-04-12 AJ Wilkinson , PB Hirsch

In materials science and particularly electron microscopy, Electron Back-scatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a common and powerful mapping technique for collecting local crystallographic data at the sub-micron scale. The quality of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Florian Strub , Marie-Agathe Charpagne , Tresa M. Pollock

The recent development of electron sensitive and pixelated detectors has attracted the use of four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM). Here, we present a precession electron diffraction assisted 4D-STEM…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-10-04 Jiwon Jeong , Niels Cautaerts , Gerhard Dehm , Christian H. Liebscher

The transmission electron microscope facilitates the highest-resolution imaging of any instrument ever created, and its limiting factor is no longer spatial resolution but dose efficiency. Low electron doses avoid sample damage but produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Georgia Channing , Debora Keller , Marta D. Rossell , Philip Torr , Stig Helveg , Henrik Eliasson

We show that the symmetries of image formation by scattering enable graph-theoretic manifold-embedding techniques to extract structural and timing information from simulated and experimental snapshots at extremely low signal. The approach…

Computational Physics · Physics 2011-09-27 Peter Schwander , Chun Hong Yoon , Abbas Ourmazd , Dimitrios Giannakis

Quantitative interpretation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data of crystalline specimens often requires the accurate knowledge of the local crystal orientation. A method is presented which exploits momentum-resolved scanning TEM…

The appearance of direct electron detectors marked a new era for electron diffraction. Their high sensitivity and low noise opens the possibility to extend electron diffraction from transmission electron microscopes (TEM) to lower energies…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Nikita Denisov , Andrey Orekhov , Johan Verbeeck

Most properties of solid materials are defined by their internal electric field and charge density distributions which so far are difficult to measure with high spatial resolution. Especially for 2D materials, the atomic electric fields…

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) is a powerful tool that allows for the simultaneous acquisition of spatial and diffraction information, driven by recent advancements in direct electron detector…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-10-23 Ujjval Bansal , Amit Sharma , Barbara Putz , Christoph Kirchlechner , Subin Lee

The association of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and the detection of a diffraction pattern at each probe position (so-called 4D-STEM) represents one of the most promising approaches to analyze structural properties of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-01-26 Leonardo Corrêa , Eduardo Ortega , Arturo Ponce , Mônica Cotta , Daniel Ugarte

Diffraction tomography is an inverse scattering technique used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the material properties of a weakly scattering object. The object is exposed to radiation, typically light or ultrasound, and the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Clemens Kirisits , Noemi Naujoks , Otmar Scherzer

Three-dimensional phase contrast imaging of multiply-scattering samples in X-ray and electron microscopy is extremely challenging, due to small numerical apertures, the unavailability of wavefront shaping optics, and the highly nonlinear…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Philipp M Pelz , Hamish G Brown , Jim Ciston , Scott D Findlay , Yaqian Zhang , Mary Scott , Colin Ophus

Effects of the backward scattering with large momentum transfer are examined in two-dimensional electron system with a special emphasis on electrons around ($\pi$,0), (0,$\pi$). The phase diagram is shown in the plane of temperature $T$ and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-10-30 Masakazu Murakami , Hidetoshi Fukuyama