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Gravitational waves in general relativity contain two polarization degrees of freedom, commonly labeled plus and cross. Besides those two tensor modes, generic theories of gravity predict up to four additional polarization modes: two scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-11 Katerina Chatziioannou , Maximiliano Isi , Carl-Johan Haster , Tyson B. Littenberg

Time delay interferometry (TDI) is a post-processing technique used in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to reduce laser frequency noise by building an equal-arm interferometer via combining time-shifted raw phase measurements.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-06 Olaf Hartwig , Martina Muratore

The vector and scalar polarization modes of gravitational waves do not exist in General Relativity, and their detection would have significant impacts on fundamental physics. In this paper, we explored the detectability of these anomalous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-04 Hidetoshi Omiya , Naoki Seto

The future space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA will consist of a constellation of three spacecraft in a triangular constellation, connected by laser interferometers with 2.5 million-kilometer arms. Among other challenges, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-27 Quentin Baghi , James Ira Thorpe , Jacob Slutsky , John Baker

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for LISA designed to suppress the otherwise overwhelming laser noise by several orders of magnitude. It is widely believed that TDI can only be applied once all phase or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-30 Olaf Hartwig , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Martin Staab , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Peter Wolf

Inflation predicts specific relations between the amplitudes and spectral indices of the primordial spectrum of density (scalar metric) perturbations and gravitational waves (tensor metric perturbations). Detection of a stochastic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-25 Marc Kamionkowski , Arthur Kosowsky

Clock noise is one of the dominant noises in the space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detection. To suppress this noise, the clock noise-calibrated time-delay-interferometry (TDI) technique is proposed. In this technique, an inter-spacecraft…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-31 Mingyang Xu , Yujie Tan , Hanzhong Wu , Panpan Wang , Hao Yan , Yurong Liang , Chenggang Shao

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for space-based gravitational-wave detectors to create laser-noise-free equal-optical-path-length interferometers virtually on the ground. It relies on the interspacecraft…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-14 Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Philipp Euringer , Olaf Hartwig , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Gerhard Heinzel , Kohei Yamamoto

Pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to gravitational wave perturbations produced by individual supermassive black hole binaries during their early inspiral phase. Modified gravity theories allow for the emission of gravitational dipole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-03 Logan O'Beirne , Neil J. Cornish , Sarah J. Vigeland , Stephen R. Taylor

LISA will detect gravitational waves (GWs) in the milli-Hz frequency band in space. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is developed to suppress laser frequency noise beneath the acceleration noise and optical metrology noise. To identify…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-30 Gang Wang , Bin Li , Peng Xu , Xilong Fan

Time delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for suppressing laser frequency noise and achieving the targeted sensitivity for space-borne gravitational wave (GW) missions. In Paper I, we examined the performance of the fiducial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-01 Gang Wang

Gravitational-wave (GW) observations by a network of ground-based laser interferometric detectors allow us to probe the nature of GW polarizations. This would be an interesting test of general relativity (GR), since GR predicts only two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-27 Srashti Goyal , K. Haris , Ajit Kumar Mehta , Parameswaran Ajith

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is a joint ESA-NASA space-mission to detect and study mHz cosmic gravitational waves. The trajectories followed by its three spacecraft result in unequal- and time-varying arms, requiring use of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-29 Massimo Tinto , Olaf Hartwig

Time-delay interferometry is put forward to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of space-borne gravitational wave detectors by canceling the large laser phase noise with different combinations of measured data. Based on the Michelson data…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-08 Xiao-Yu Lu , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Laser frequency noise enters the interferometric measurements and dominates the expected…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-22 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Marc Lilley , Antoine Petiteau , Hubert Halloin

The proposed space-borne laser interferometric gravitational wave (GW) observatory TianQin adopts a geocentric orbit for its nearly equilateral triangular constellation formed by three identical drag-free satellites. The geocentric distance…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-02 Ming-Yue Zhou , Xin-Chun Hu , Bobing Ye , Shoucun Hu , Dong-Dong Zhu , Xuefeng Zhang , Wei Su , Yan Wang

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is the data processing technique that cancels the large laser phase fluctuations affecting the one-way Doppler measurements made by unequal-arm space-based gravitational wave interferometers. By taking finite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-25 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Prasanna Joshi

The LISA mission will likely be a signal dominated detector, such that one challenge is the separation of the different astrophysical sources, and to distinguish between them and the instrumental noise. One of the goals of LISA is to probe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-19 Martina Muratore , Daniele Vetrugno , Stefano Vitale , Olaf Hartwig

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for space-based gravitational wave (GW) missions to effectively suppress laser frequency noise and achieve targeting sensitivity. The principle of the TDI is to synthesize multiple laser link…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Gang Wang

While general relativity predicts only two tensor modes for gravitational wave polarization, general metric theories of gravity allows up to four additional modes, including two vector and two scalar modes. Observing the polarization modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-07 Yu Hu , Pan-Pan Wang , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao