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Space-based gravitational wave detectors cannot keep rigid structures and precise arm length equality, so the precise equality of detector arms which is required in a ground-based interferometer to cancel the overwhelming laser noise is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-25 Chunyu Zhang , Qing Gao , Yungui Gong , Dicong Liang , Alan J. Weinstein , Chao Zhang

The method of time delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to cancel the laser noise in space-borne gravitational-wave detectors. Among all different TDI combinations, the most commonly used ones are the orthogonal channels A, E and T, where…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-09 Zheng-Cheng Liang , Zhi-Yuan Li , Jun Cheng , En-Kun Li , Jian-dong Zhang , Yi-Ming Hu

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors are designed for wave sources in the millihertz band with different locations and orientations. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) technique is an indispensable ingredient in space-borne GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-05 Pan-Pan Wang , Hao-Kang Chen , Wei-Liang Qian , Rui Luo , Jing Zhou , Wei-Sheng Huang , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

In a general metric theory of gravitation in four dimensions, six polarizations of a gravitational wave are allowed: two scalar and two vector modes, in addition to two tensor modes in general relativity. Such additional polarization modes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Atsushi Nishizawa , Atsushi Taruya , Kazuhiro Hayama , Seiji Kawamura , Masa-aki Sakagami

The space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA, a NASA-ESA mission to be launched after 2012, will achieve its optimal sensitivity using Time Delay Interferometry (TDI), a LISA-specific technique needed to cancel the otherwise…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Michele Vallisneri

The time delay interferometry (TDI) is an algorithm proposed to suppress the laser frequency noise in space-borne gravitational wave detectors. As a post-processing technique, it is implemented by constructing a virtual equal arm…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Pan-Pan Wang , Wei-Liang Qian , Yu-Jie Tan , Han-Zhong Wu , Cheng-Gang Shao

When modified theories of gravity are considered, at most six gravitational wave polarization modes are allowed and classified in tensor modes, the only ones predicted by General Relativity (GR), along with additional vector and scalar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-29 Loris Amalberti , Nicola Bartolo , Angelo Ricciardone

In the detection of gravitational waves in space, the arm lengths between spacecraft are not equal due to their orbital motion. Consequently, the equal arm length Michelson interferometer used in Earth laboratories is not suitable for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-21 Gang Wang

The opening of the gravitational wave window by ground-based laser interferometers has made possible many new tests of gravity, including the first constraints on polarization. It is hoped that within the next decade pulsar timing will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-09 Neil J. Cornish , Logan O'Beirne , Stephen R. Taylor , Nicolas Yunes

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a post-processing technique used to reduce laser noise in heterodyne interferometric measurements with unequal armlengths, a situation characteristic of space gravitational detectors such as Laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-14 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Martin Staab

In this work, we systematically investigate the capability of space-based gravitational wave detectors in constraining parameters of non-tensor polarization modes. Using Bayesian inference and Fisher Information Matrix methods, we analyze…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-04 Jun-Shuai Wang , Chang Liu , Ju Chen , Jibo He

Space-based gravitational-wave detectors consist of a triangle of three spacecraft, which makes it possible to detect polarization modes of gravitational waves due to the motion of the detectors in space. In this paper we explore the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-24 Chang Liu , Wen-Hong Ruan , Zong-Kuan Guo

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), employ synthetic Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) to cancel the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise. The phase readouts…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-11 Neil J. Cornish , Tyson Littenberg

Forthcoming space-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will employ second-generation time-delay interferometry (TDI) to suppress laser frequency noise and achieve the sensitivity required for GW detection. We introduce an inverse…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-04 Chunyu Zhang

Space-borne interferometric gravitational wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (millihertz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light-travel-times will necessarily be unequal,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Frank B. Estabrook , adn J. W. Armstrong

The accurate sky localization of gravitational wave (GW) sources is an important scientific goal for space-based GW detectors. The main differences between future space-based GW detectors, such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA),…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-31 Tong Jiang , Yungui Gong , Xuchen Lu

The theory of general relativity (GR) predicts the existence of gravitational waves (GWs) with two tensor modes, while alternative theories propose up to six polarization modes. In this study, we investigate constraints on GW polarization…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-28 Jie Wu , Jin Li

Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) is often utilized in the data pre-processing of space-based gravitational wave detectors, primarily for suppressing laser frequency noise. About twenty years ago, assuming armlengths remain constant over…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-30 Weisheng Huang , Pan-Pan Wang , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

Equal-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-25 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev V. Dhurandhar

The detection of gravitational wave (GW) has opened a new window to test the theory of gravity in the strong field regime. In general relativity (GR), GW can only possess two tensor polarization modes, which are known as the $+$ and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-20 Ning Xie , Jian-dong Zhang , Shun-Jia Huang , Yi-Ming Hu , Jianwei Mei
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