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As memory increasingly dominates system cost and energy, heterogeneous on-chip memory systems that combine technologies with complementary characteristics are becoming essential. Gain Cell RAM (GCRAM) offers higher density, lower power, and…

The rise of data-intensive AI workloads has exacerbated the ``memory wall'' bottleneck. Digital Compute-in-Memory (DCiM) using SRAM offers a scalable solution, but its vast design space makes manual design impractical, creating a need for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yiqi Zhou , JunHao Ma , Xingyang Li , Yule Sheng , Yue Yuan , Yikai Wang , Bochang Wang , Yiheng Wu , Shan Shen , Wei Xing , Daying Sun , Li Li , Zhiqiang Xiao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) face significant challenges when deployed on resource-constrained extreme edge devices due to their computational and data-intensive nature. While standalone accelerators tailored for specific application…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Xiaoling Yi , Ryan Antonio , Joren Dumoulin , Jiacong Sun , Josse Van Delm , Guilherme Paim , Marian Verhelst

In this paper, we propose a 'full-stack' solution to designing high capacity and low latency on-chip cache hierarchies by starting at the circuit level of the hardware design stack. First, we propose a novel Gain Cell (GC) design using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Sarabjeet Singh , Neelam Surana , Pranjali Jain , Joycee Mekie , Manu Awasthi

Memory compilers are necessary tools to boost the design procedure of digital circuits. However, only a few are available to academia. Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is characterised by high density, high speed, non volatility and is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Dimitris Antoniadis , Andrea Mifsud , Peilong Feng , Timothy G. Constandinou

Analog Content Addressable Memories (aCAMs) have proven useful for associative in-memory computing applications like Decision Trees, Finite State Machines, and Hyper-dimensional Computing. While non-volatile implementations using FeFETs and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Paul-Philipp Manea , Nathan Leroux , Emre Neftci , John Paul Strachan

As AI workloads drive increasing memory requirements, domain-specific accelerators need higher-density on-chip memory beyond what current SRAM scaling trends can provide. Simultaneously, the vast amounts of short-lived data in these…

SRAM-based compute-in-memory (CIM) offers high computational density and energy efficiency for deep neural network (DNN) accelerators, but its limited capacity causes on/off-chip data movement overhead for large DNN models. Existing CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chenhao Xue , Yukun Wang , An Guo , Yuhui Shi , Jinwei Zhou , Xiping Dong , Yihan Yin , Yuanpeng Zhang , Tianyu Jia , Wei Gao , Qiang Wu , Xin Si , Jun Yang , Guangyu Sun

Modern data-intensive applications demand memory solutions that deliver high-density, low-power, and integrated computational capabilities to reduce data movement overhead. This paper presents the use of Gain-Cell embedded DRAM (GC-eDRAM) -…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Barak Hoffer , Shahar Kvatinsky

The lack of open-source memory compilers in academia typically causes significant delays in research and design implementations. This paper presents an open-source memory compiler that is directly integrated within the Cadence Virtuoso…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Dimitrios Antoniadis , Peilong Feng , Andrea Mifsud , Timothy G. Constandinou

OpenGM is a C++ template library for defining discrete graphical models and performing inference on these models, using a wide range of state-of-the-art algorithms. No restrictions are imposed on the factor graph to allow for higher-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-04 Bjoern Andres , Thorsten Beier , Joerg H. Kappes

AI chips commonly employ SRAM memory as buffers for their reliability and speed, which contribute to high performance. However, SRAM is expensive and demands significant area and energy consumption. Previous studies have explored replacing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Duy-Thanh Nguyen , Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

Interest in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to compiler optimizations is increasing rapidly, but compiler research has a high entry barrier. Unlike in other domains, compiler and AI researchers do not have access to the…

Content addressable memory (CAM) stands out as an efficient hardware solution for memory-intensive search operations by supporting parallel computation in memory. However, developing a CAM-based accelerator architecture that achieves…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Mengyuan Li , Shiyi Liu , Mohammad Mehdi Sharifi , X. Sharon Hu

Content addressable memory is popular in intelligent computing systems as it allows parallel content-searching in memory. Emerging CAMs show a promising increase in bitcell density and a decrease in power consumption than pure CMOS…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Yihan Pan , Adrian Wheeldon , Mohammed Mughal , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis , Alexantrou Serb

This work introduces MICSim, an open-source, pre-circuit simulator designed for early-stage evaluation of chip-level software performance and hardware overhead of mixed-signal compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators. MICSim features a modular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Cong Wang , Zeming Chen , Shanshi Huang

SoCs are now designed with their own AI accelerator segment to accommodate the ever-increasing demand of Deep Learning (DL) applications. With powerful MAC engines for matrix multiplications, these accelerators show high computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Kaniz Mishty , Mehdi Sadi

We present an easy to use and flexible grid library for developing highly scalable parallel simulations. The distributed cartesian cell-refinable grid (dccrg) supports adaptive mesh refinement and allows an arbitrary C++ class to be used as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-01-30 I. Honkonen , S. von Alfthan , A. Sandroos , P. Janhunen , M. Palmroth

Neural networks are an increasingly attractive algorithm for natural language processing and pattern recognition. Deep networks with >50M parameters are made possible by modern GPU clusters operating at <50 pJ per op and more recently,…

ReRAM-based in-memory computing (IMC) architectures are promising candidates for energy-efficient matrix-vector multiplication. While scaling the size of ReRAM arrays allows for the amortization of power-hungry peripheral circuits like DACs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah
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