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Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Federated learning (FL) enhances privacy by keeping user data on local devices. However, emerging attacks have demonstrated that the updates shared by users during training can reveal significant information about their data. This has…

The powerful cooperation of federated learning (FL) and differential privacy~(DP) provides a promising paradigm for the large-scale private clients. However, existing analyses in FL-DP mostly rely on the composition theorem and cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yan Sun , Qixin Zhang , Li Shen , Dacheng Tao

This paper investigates the role of dimensionality reduction in efficient communication and differential privacy (DP) of the local datasets at the remote users for over-the-air computation (AirComp)-based federated learning (FL) model. More…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Amir Sonee , Stefano Rini , Yu-Chih Huang

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without disclosing their data. Previous researches often require training the complete model parameters. However, the emergence of powerful pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Shangchao Su , Mingzhao Yang , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) in a distributed manner poses significant challenges on resource-constrained edge networks. To address this challenge, we propose SflLLM, a novel framework that integrates split federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kai Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Ye Hu , Mingzhe Chen , Chen Zhu , Zhaoyang Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative learning across distributed clients while preserving data privacy. However, FL faces significant challenges when dealing with heterogeneous data distributions, which can lead to suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Duy Phuong Nguyen , J. Pablo Munoz , Tanya Roosta , Ali Jannesari

Learning-outcome prediction (LOP) is a long-standing and critical problem in educational routes. Many studies have contributed to developing effective models while often suffering from data shortage and low generalization to various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yupei Zhang , Yuxin Li , Yifei Wang , Shuangshuang Wei , Yunan Xu , Xuequn Shang

Federated Learning (FL) has gained popularity for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) across multiple nodes, each with its own private data. While LoRA has been widely adopted for parameter efficient federated fine-tuning, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Navyansh Mahla , Sunny Gupta , Amit Sethi

Federated fine-tuning is critical for improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) in handling domain-specific tasks while keeping training data decentralized and private. However, prior work has shown that clients' private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jianmin Liu , Li Yan , Borui Li , Lei Yu , Chao Shen

Fine-tuning (FT) large language models (LLMs) is crucial for adapting general-purpose models to specific tasks, enhancing accuracy and relevance with minimal resources. To further enhance generalization ability while reducing training…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sijing Xie , Dingzhu Wen , Changsheng You , Qimei Chen , Mehdi Bennis , Kaibin Huang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). By introducing a small number of trainable low-rank weight matrices, LoRA substantially reduces the number of parameters that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Seokmin Ko

Foundation models (FMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks with task-specific fine-tuning, yet full parameter fine-tuning is often computationally prohibitive for large models. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning technique to train a global model without obtaining clients' private data. The main challenges in FL are statistical diversity among clients, limited computing capability among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Xiaofeng Liu , Yinchuan Li , Qing Wang , Xu Zhang , Yunfeng Shao , Yanhui Geng

Despite their exceptional performance on various tasks after fine-tuning, pre-trained language models (PLMs) face significant challenges due to growing privacy concerns with data in centralized training methods. We consider federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuxuan Yan , Qianqian Yang , Shunpu Tang , Zhiguo Shi

In this work, we devise a parameter-efficient solution to bring differential privacy (DP) guarantees into adaptation of a cross-lingual speech classifier. We investigate a new frozen pre-trained adaptation framework for DP-preserving speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Chun-Wei Ho , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) has become an essential strategy for adapting them to specialized tasks; however, this process introduces significant privacy challenges, as sensitive training data may be inadvertently memorized and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Hao Du , Shang Liu , Yang Cao

Despite Federated Learning (FL) employing gradient aggregation at the server for distributed training to prevent the privacy leakage of raw data, private information can still be divulged through the analysis of uploaded gradients from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Tianzhe Xiao , Yichen Li , Yu Zhou , Yining Qi , Yi Liu , Wei Wang , Haozhao Wang , Yi Wang , Ruixuan Li

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks. However, traditional fine-tuning methods for leveraging PLMs for downstream tasks entail significant computational overhead. Prompt-tuning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ali Shakeri , Wei Emma Zhang , Amin Beheshti , Weitong Chen , Jian Yang , Lishan Yang

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values and away from undesirable behaviors (such as hallucination) has become increasingly important. Recently, steering LLMs towards a desired behavior via activation editing has emerged as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Anmol Goel , Yaxi Hu , Iryna Gurevych , Amartya Sanyal