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Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance but are challenging to deploy due to their high computational and storage demands. Pruning can reduce model size, yet existing methods assume public access to calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Guangji Bai , Yijiang Li , Zilinghan Li , Liang Zhao , Kibaek Kim

As large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly compute and memory intensive, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods are now a common strategy to fine-tune LLMs. A popular PEFT method is Low-Rank Adapters (LoRA), which adds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Damjan Kalajdzievski

Federated recommendation (FR) is a promising paradigm to protect user privacy in recommender systems. Distinct from general federated scenarios, FR inherently needs to preserve client-specific parameters, i.e., user embeddings, for privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jundong Chen , Honglei Zhang , Haoxuan Li , Chunxu Zhang , Zhiwei Li , Yidong Li

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become the de facto method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), enabling rapid adaptation to diverse domains. In production, LoRA-based models are served at scale, creating…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shashwat Jaiswal , Shrikara Arun , Anjaly Parayil , Ankur Mallick , Spyros Mastorakis , Alind Khare , Chloi Alverti , Renee St Amant , Chetan Bansal , Victor Rühle , Josep Torrellas

Federated learning (FL), as a type of collaborative machine learning framework, is capable of preserving private data from mobile terminals (MTs) while training the data into useful models. Nevertheless, from a viewpoint of information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Kang Wei , Jun Li , Ming Ding , Chuan Ma , Hang Su , Bo Zhang , H. Vincent Poor

Federated Learning (FL) is designed as a decentralized, privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm that enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. In real-world scenarios, however, clients often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Maulidi Adi Prasetia , Muhamad Risqi U. Saputra , Guntur Dharma Putra

Federated learning (FL) enables edge devices to collaboratively train machine learning models, with model communication replacing direct data uploading. While over-the-air model aggregation improves communication efficiency, uploading…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Hang Liu , Jia Yan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

Large generative models (for example, language and diffusion models) enable high-quality text and image synthesis but are hard to train or adapt in cross-device federated settings due to heavy computation and communication and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kabir Khan , Manju Sarkar , Anita Kar , Suresh Ghosh

LLMs have demonstrated great capabilities in various NLP tasks. Different entities can further improve the performance of those LLMs on their specific downstream tasks by fine-tuning LLMs. When several entities have similar interested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Weirui Kuang , Bingchen Qian , Zitao Li , Daoyuan Chen , Dawei Gao , Xuchen Pan , Yuexiang Xie , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Watermark radioactivity testing type of methods can detect whether a model was trained on watermarked documents, and have become key tools for protecting data ownership in the fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). Existing works have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Su Zhang , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

Federated learning enables collaborative model training across distributed clients while preserving data privacy. However, in practical deployments, device heterogeneity, non-independent, and identically distributed (Non-IID) data often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jin Wang , Hui Ma , Fei Xing , Ming Yan

Despite the efficacy of network sparsity in alleviating the deployment strain of Large Language Models (LLMs), it endures significant performance degradation. Applying Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to fine-tune the sparse LLMs offers an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Weizhong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Xiawu Zheng , Yang Liu , Jing Lin , Yiwu Yao , Rongrong Ji

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular technique for efficient fine-tuning of foundation models. However, applying LoRA in federated learning environments, where data is distributed across multiple clients, presents unique challenges.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Raghav Singhal , Kaustubh Ponkshe , Praneeth Vepakomma

Low-Rank Adapters (LoRAs) have transformed the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling parameter-efficient updates. However, their widespread adoption remains limited by the reliance on GPU-based training. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Reza Arabpour , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Anastasis Kratsios

Federated learning (FL) has become a prevalent distributed machine learning paradigm with improved privacy. After learning, the resulting federated model should be further personalized to each different client. While several methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Bingyan Liu , Yao Guo , Xiangqun Chen

While federated learning (FL) eliminates the transmission of raw data over a network, it is still vulnerable to privacy breaches from the communicated model parameters. Differential privacy (DP) is often employed to address such issues.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Evan Chen , Frank Po-Chen Lin , Dong-Jun Han , Christopher G. Brinton

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-promoting framework that enables potentially large number of clients to collaboratively train machine learning models. In a FL system, a server coordinates the collaboration by collecting and aggregating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Huancheng Chen , Haris Vikalo

Private data, being larger and quality-higher than public data, can greatly improve large language models (LLM). However, due to privacy concerns, this data is often dispersed in multiple silos, making its secure utilization for LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 JiaYing Zheng , HaiNan Zhang , LingXiang Wang , WangJie Qiu , HongWei Zheng , ZhiMing Zheng

Fine-tuning is essential to adapt general-purpose large language models (LLMs) to domain-specific tasks. As a privacy-preserving framework to leverage decentralized data for collaborative model training, Federated Learning (FL) is gaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guohao Yang , Tongle Wu , Yuanxiong Guo , Ying Sun , Yanmin Gong

Prominent Large Language Model (LLM) services from providers like OpenAI and Google excel at general tasks but often underperform on domain-specific applications. Current customization services for these LLMs typically require users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhaomin Wu , Jizhou Guo , Junyi Hou , Bingsheng He , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang