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The increasing prevalence of multi-agent learning systems in society necessitates understanding how to learn effective and safe policies in general-sum multi-agent environments against a variety of opponents, including self-play.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Jake Levi , Chris Lu , Timon Willi , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Jakob Foerster

In this work, we investigate the distributed generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) seeking problems for $N$-coalition games with inequality constraints. First, we study the scenario where each agent in a coalition has full information of all…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Chao Sun , Guoqiang Hu

In dynamic games with shared constraints, Generalized Nash Equilibria (GNE) are often computed using the normalized solution concept, which assumes identical Lagrange multipliers for shared constraints across all players. While widely used,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Mark Pustilnik , Francesco Borrelli

We introduce a simple extensive-form algorithm for finding equilibria of two-player, zero-sum games. The algorithm is realization equivalent to a generalized form of Fictitious Play. We compare its performance to that of a similar…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tim P. Schulze

This paper investigates the problem of computing the equilibrium of competitive games, which is often modeled as a constrained saddle-point optimization problem with probability simplex constraints. Despite recent efforts in understanding…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-23 Shicong Cen , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning in general-sum settings is challenged by the distribution shift between logged datasets and target equilibrium policies. While standard methods rely on manual pessimistic penalties, we demonstrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Claire Chen , Yuheng Zhang

This paper investigates Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking problems for noncooperative games over multi-players networks with finite bandwidth communication. A distributed quantized algorithm is presented, which consists of local gradient play,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Ziqin Chen , Ji Ma , Shu Liang , Li Li

In this paper, we solve the problem of learning a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in merely monotone games. First, we propose a novel continuous semi-decentralized solution algorithm without projections that uses first-order information…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Suad Krilašević , Sergio Grammatico

This paper aims to connect epistemic and behavioral game theory by examining the epistemic foundations of quantal response equilibrium (QRE) in static games. We focus on how much information agents possess about the probability…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-03-14 Shuige Liu , Fabio Maccheroni

In dynamic games with shared constraints, Generalized Nash Equilibria (GNE) are often computed using the normalized solution concept, which assumes identical Lagrange multipliers for shared constraints across all players. While widely used,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Mark Pustilnik , Antonio Loquercio , Francesco Borrelli

While game theory has been transformative for decision-making, the assumptions made can be overly restrictive in certain instances. In this work, we investigate some of the underlying assumptions of rationality, such as mutual consistency…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Benjamin Patrick Evans , Mikhail Prokopenko

This paper proposes the first fully distributed algorithm for finding the Generalized Nash Equilibrium (GNE) of a non-cooperative game with shared coupling constraints and general cost coupling at a user-prescribed finite time T. As a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Liraz Mudrik , Isaac Kaminer , Sean Kragelund , Abram H. Clark

We introduce Q-Nash, a quantum annealing algorithm for the NP-complete problem of Fnding pure Nash equilibria in graphical games. The algorithm consists of two phases. The first phase determines all combinations of best response strategies…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Christoph Roch , Thomy Phan , Sebastian Feld , Robert Müller , Thomas Gabor , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Real world applications such as economics and policy making often involve solving multi-agent games with two unique features: (1) The agents are inherently asymmetric and partitioned into leaders and followers; (2) The agents have different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Yu Bai , Chi Jin , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong

We introduce the use of generative adversarial learning to compute equilibria in general game-theoretic settings, specifically the generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in pseudo-games, and its specific instantiation as the competitive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Denizalp Goktas , David C. Parkes , Ian Gemp , Luke Marris , Georgios Piliouras , Romuald Elie , Guy Lever , Andrea Tacchetti

Repeated quantum game theory addresses long term relations among players who choose quantum strategies. In the conventional quantum game theory, single round quantum games or at most finitely repeated games have been widely studied, however…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Kazuki Ikeda , Shoto Aoki

This paper develops a non-parametric test for consistency of players' behavior in a series of games with the Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE). The test exploits a characterization of the equilibrium choice probabilities in any structural…

Applications · Statistics 2016-04-22 Kirill Pogorelskiy , Emerson Melo , Matthew Shum

This paper presents a general mean-field game (GMFG) framework for simultaneous learning and decision-making in stochastic games with a large population. It first establishes the existence of a unique Nash Equilibrium to this GMFG, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Renyuan Xu , Junzi Zhang

Synthesis of finite-state controllers from high-level specifications in multi-agent systems can be reduced to solving multi-player concurrent games over finite graphs. The complexity of solving such games with qualitative objectives for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Shaull Almagor , Rajeev Alur , Suguman Bansal

Nash equilibrium is perhaps the best-known solution concept in game theory. Such a solution assigns a strategy to each player which offers no incentive to unilaterally deviate. While a Nash equilibrium is guaranteed to always exist, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 David Sychrovský , Christopher Solinas , Revan MacQueen , Kevin Wang , James R. Wright , Nathan R. Sturtevant , Michael Bowling