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Humans can picture a sound scene given an imprecise natural language description. For example, it is easy to imagine an acoustic environment given a phrase like "the lion roar came from right behind me!". For a machine to have the same…

Spatiotemporal relationships are critical in data science, as many prediction and reasoning tasks require analysis across both spatial and temporal dimensions--for instance, navigating an unfamiliar city involves planning itineraries that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiao Han , Dayan Pan , Xiangyu Zhao , Xuyuan Hu , Zhaolin Deng , Xiangjie Kong , Guojiang Shen

Spatial reasoning is fundamental to auditory perception, yet current audio large language models (ALLMs) largely rely on unstructured binaural cues and single step inference. This limits both perceptual accuracy in direction and distance…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Subrata Biswas , Mohammad Nur Hossain Khan , Bashima Islam

Spatial audio is crucial for immersive 360-degree video experiences, yet most 360-degree videos lack it due to the difficulty of capturing spatial audio during recording. Automatically generating spatial audio such as first-order ambisonics…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Ziyu Luo , Lin Chen , Qiang Qu , Xiaoming Chen , Yiran Shen

Spatial audio is crucial for immersive 360-degree video experiences, yet most 360-degree videos lack it due to the difficulty of capturing spatial audio during recording. Automatically generating spatial audio such as first-order ambisonics…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ziyu Luo , Lin Chen , Qiang Qu , Xiaoming Chen , Yiran Shen

Spatial audio has become central to immersive applications such as VR/AR, cinema, and music. Existing generative audio models are largely limited to mono or stereo formats and cannot capture the full 3D localization cues available in…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Christian Templin , Yanda Zhu , Hao Wang

We introduce the new task of Acoustic Question Answering (AQA) to promote research in acoustic reasoning. The AQA task consists of analyzing an acoustic scene composed by a combination of elementary sounds and answering questions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Jerome Abdelnour , Giampiero Salvi , Jean Rouat

In this paper, we focus on the Audio-Visual Question Answering (AVQA) task, which aims to answer questions regarding different visual objects, sounds, and their associations in videos. The problem requires comprehensive multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Guangyao Li , Yake Wei , Yapeng Tian , Chenliang Xu , Ji-Rong Wen , Di Hu

While direction of arrival (DOA) of sound events is generally estimated from multichannel audio data recorded in a microphone array, sound events usually derive from visually perceptible source objects, e.g., sounds of footsteps come from…

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in understanding audio content for conversational QA tasks. However, these models struggle to accurately understand timestamps for temporal localization (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hualei Wang , Yiming Li , Shuo Ma , Hong Liu , Xiangdong Wang

Reasoning about spatial audio with large language models requires a spatial audio encoder as an acoustic front-end to obtain audio embeddings for further processing. Such an encoder needs to capture all information required to detect the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Kevin Wilkinghoff , Zheng-Hua Tan

Recent progress in auditory intelligence has yielded high-performing systems for sound event detection (SED), acoustic scene classification (ASC), automated audio captioning (AAC), and audio question answering (AQA). Yet these tasks remain…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Hyeonuk Nam

Spatial audio understanding is essential for accurately perceiving and interpreting acoustic environments. However, existing audio-language models exhibit limitations in processing spatial audio and perceiving spatial acoustic scenes. To…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Jinbo Hu , Yin Cao , Ming Wu , Zhenbo Luo , Jun Yang

With the rapid development of spatial audio technologies today, applications in AR, VR, and other scenarios have garnered extensive attention. Unlike traditional mono sound, spatial audio offers a more realistic and immersive auditory…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-21 Zhiyuan Zhu , Yu Zhang , Wenxiang Guo , Changhao Pan , Zhou Zhao

In the rapidly evolving domain of video understanding, Video Question Answering (VideoQA) remains a focal point. However, existing datasets exhibit gaps in temporal and spatial granularity, which consequently limits the capabilities of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Wei Dai , Alan Luo , Zane Durante , Debadutta Dash , Arnold Milstein , Kevin Schulman , Ehsan Adeli , Li Fei-Fei

Audio-visual segmentation (AVS) aims to segment sound sources in the video sequence, requiring a pixel-level understanding of audio-visual correspondence. As the Segment Anything Model (SAM) has strongly impacted extensive fields of dense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Juhyeong Seon , Woobin Im , Sebin Lee , Jumin Lee , Sung-Eui Yoon

Sound event localization frameworks based on deep neural networks have shown increased robustness with respect to reverberation and noise in comparison to classical parametric approaches. In particular, recurrent architectures that…

Multimodal question answering tasks can be used as proxy tasks to study systems that can perceive and reason about the world. Answering questions about different types of input modalities stresses different aspects of reasoning such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Haytham M. Fayek , Justin Johnson

We address the problem of Visual Question Answering (VQA), which requires joint image and language understanding to answer a question about a given photograph. Recent approaches have applied deep image captioning methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Huijuan Xu , Kate Saenko

Sound event localization and detection (SELD) consists of two subtasks, which are sound event detection and direction-of-arrival estimation. While sound event detection mainly relies on time-frequency patterns to distinguish different sound…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-07 Thi Ngoc Tho Nguyen , Karn N. Watcharasupat , Ngoc Khanh Nguyen , Douglas L. Jones , Woon-Seng Gan