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The paper briefy reviews several recent results on hierarchical architectures for learning from examples, that may formally explain the conditions under which Deep Convolutional Neural Networks perform much better in function approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Hrushikesh Mhaskar , Tomaso Poggio

It has been argued by Thom and Palm that sparsely-connected neural networks (SCNs) show improved performance over fully-connected networks (FCNs). Super-regular networks (SRNs) are neural networks composed of a set of stacked sparse layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Andrew W. E. McDonald , Ali Shokoufandeh

We use deep sparsely connected neural networks to measure the complexity of a function class in $L^2(\mathbb R^d)$ by restricting connectivity and memory requirement for storing the neural networks. We also introduce representation system -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Khay Boon Hong

In recent years, machine learning techniques based on neural networks for mobile computing become increasingly popular. Classical multi-layer neural networks require matrix multiplications at each stage. Multiplication operation is not an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Arman Afrasiyabi , Ozan Yildiz , Baris Nasir , Fatos T. Yarman Vural , A. Enis Cetin

We study the expressivity of sparse maxout networks, where each neuron takes a fixed number of inputs from the previous layer and employs a, possibly multi-argument, maxout activation. This setting captures key characteristics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Moritz Grillo , Tobias Hofmann

In this paper, we study approximation properties of single hidden layer neural networks with weights varying on finitely many directions and thresholds from an open interval. We obtain a necessary and at the same time sufficient measure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Vugar Ismailov , Ekrem Savas

Deep learning has been the engine powering many successes of data science. However, the deep neural network (DNN), as the basic model of deep learning, is often excessively over-parameterized, causing many difficulties in training,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-09 Yan Sun , Qifan Song , Faming Liang

We study shallow and deep neural networks whose inputs range over a general topological space. The model is built from a prescribed family of continuous feature maps and reduces to multilayer feedforward networks in the Euclidean case. We…

General Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Vugar Ismailov

In this work, we build a generic architecture of Convolutional Neural Networks to discover empirical properties of neural networks. Our first contribution is to introduce a state-of-the-art framework that depends upon few hyper parameters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Edouard Oyallon

Training wide neural networks on sensitive data in untrusted cloud environments requires simultaneously achieving computational efficiency and rigorous privacy guarantees. Sparsification techniques, essential for scalable training of wide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zifan Qu , Vasileios P. Kemerlis , Giuseppe Ateniese , Evgenios M. Kornaropoulos

In this short note, we give an elementary proof of a universal approximation theorem for neural networks with three hidden layers and increasing, continuous, bounded activation function. The result is weaker than the best known results, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chris Monico

Neural networks are one of the most popularly used methods in machine learning and artificial intelligence nowadays. Due to the universal approximation theorem (Hornik et al. (1989)), a neural network with one hidden layer can approximate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-18 Xiaoxi Shen , Chang Jiang , Lyudmila Sakhanenko , Qing Lu

In this paper, we prove that in the overparametrized regime, deep neural network provide universal approximations and can interpolate any data set, as long as the activation function is locally in $L^1(\RR)$ and not an affine function.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Vlad-Raul Constantinescu , Ionel Popescu

We investigate deep morphological neural networks (DMNNs). We demonstrate that despite their inherent non-linearity, "linear" activations are essential for DMNNs. To preserve their inherent sparsity, we propose architectures that constraint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Konstantinos Fotopoulos , Petros Maragos

This article contributes to the current statistical theory of deep neural networks (DNNs). It was shown that DNNs are able to circumvent the so--called curse of dimensionality in case that suitable restrictions on the structure of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-14 Sophie Langer

It is well known that Artificial Neural Networks are universal approximators. The classical result proves that, given a continuous function on a compact set on an n-dimensional space, then there exists a one-hidden-layer feedforward network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Rocio Gonzalez-Diaz , Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Naranjo , Eduardo Paluzo-Hidalgo

At its core, machine learning seeks to train models that reliably generalize beyond noisy observations; however, the theoretical vacuum in which state-of-the-art universal approximation theorems (UATs) operate isolates them from this goal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-03 Anastasis Kratsios , Tin Sum Cheng , Daniel Roy

By universal formulas we understand parameterized analytic expressions that have a fixed complexity, but nevertheless can approximate any continuous function on a compact set. There exist various examples of such formulas, including some in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Dmitry Yarotsky

The task of using machine learning to approximate the mapping $\mathbf{x}\mapsto\sum_{i=1}^d x_i^2$ with $x_i\in[-1,1]$ seems to be a trivial one. Given the knowledge of the separable structure of the function, one can design a sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Jiefu Zhang , Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez , Yuan Yao , Lin Lin

In this paper, we have extended the well-established universal approximator theory to neural networks that use the unbounded ReLU activation function and a nonlinear softmax output layer. We have proved that a sufficiently large neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Behnam Asadi , Hui Jiang