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Progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms goes hand-in-hand with the development of challenging environments that test the limits of current methods. While existing RL environments are either sufficiently complex or based on fast…

We propose a game-theoretic framework for adaptive multi-agent intelligent systems. Unlike classical game theory, which often treats strategies as primitive objects chosen by perfectly rational agents, the proposed framework provides a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhe Sage Chen , Quanyan Zhu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the scientific ecosystem raises fundamental questions about the creativity and originality of AI-generated research. Recent work has identified ``smart plagiarism'' as a concern in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Devesh Saraogi , Rohit Singhee , Dhruv Kumar

We introduce the concept of a generative infinite game, a video game that transcends the traditional boundaries of finite, hard-coded systems by using generative models. Inspired by James P. Carse's distinction between finite and infinite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jialu Li , Yuanzhen Li , Neal Wadhwa , Yael Pritch , David E. Jacobs , Michael Rubinstein , Mohit Bansal , Nataniel Ruiz

This paper proposes a paradigm shift for affective computing by viewing the affect modeling task as a reinforcement learning process. According to our proposed framework the context (environment) and the actions of an agent define the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Matthew Barthet , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

The growing capabilities and increasingly widespread deployment of AI systems necessitate robust benchmarks for measuring their cooperative capabilities. Unfortunately, most multi-agent benchmarks are either zero-sum or purely cooperative,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Gabriel Mukobi , Hannah Erlebach , Niklas Lauffer , Lewis Hammond , Alan Chan , Jesse Clifton

Infants are experts at playing, with an amazing ability to generate novel structured behaviors in unstructured environments that lack clear extrinsic reward signals. We seek to mathematically formalize these abilities using a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Nick Haber , Damian Mrowca , Li Fei-Fei , Daniel L. K. Yamins

We explore how interaction with large language models (LLMs) can give rise to emergent behaviors, empowering players to participate in the evolution of game narratives. Our testbed is a text-adventure game in which players attempt to solve…

Modern video games are complex, non-deterministic systems that are difficult to test automatically at scale. Although prior work shows that personality-driven Large Language Model (LLM) agents can improve behavioural diversity and test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yifei Chen , Sarra Habchi , Lili Wei

Game development sits at the intersection of creative design and intricate software engineering, demanding the joint orchestration of game engines, real-time loops, and tightly coupled state across many files. While Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yilei Jiang , Jinyuan Hu , Qianyin Xiao , Yaozhi Zheng , Ruize Ma , Kaituo Feng , Jiaming Han , Tianshuo Peng , Kaixuan Fan , Manyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Yue

Gamification applies game mechanics to non-game environments to motivate and engage users. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers powerful tools for personalizing and optimizing gamification, adapting to users' needs, preferences, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Carlos J. Costa , Joao Tiago Aparicio , Manuela Aparicio , Sofia Aparicio

The widespread availability of superhuman AI engines is changing how we play the ancient game of Go. The open-source software packages developed after the AlphaGo series shifted focus from producing strong playing entities to providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Attila Egri-Nagy , Antti Törmänen

In this paper, we propose Rogue-Gym, a simple and classic style roguelike game built for evaluating generalization in reinforcement learning (RL). Combined with the recent progress of deep neural networks, RL has successfully trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Yuji Kanagawa , Tomoyuki Kaneko

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

Developing agents capable of fluid gameplay in first/third-person games without API access remains a critical challenge in Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Recent efforts leverage Vision Language Models (VLMs) as direct controllers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Wenxuan Lu , Jiangyang He , Zhanqiu Zhang , Yiwen Guo , Tianning Zang

Cooperation played a significant role in the self-organization and evolution of living organisms. Both network topology and the initial position of cooperators heavily affect the cooperation of social dilemma games. We developed a novel…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2013-07-02 Gabor I. Simko , Peter Csermely

We propose a simple, general and effective technique, Reward Randomization for discovering diverse strategic policies in complex multi-agent games. Combining reward randomization and policy gradient, we derive a new algorithm,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Zhenggang Tang , Chao Yu , Boyuan Chen , Huazhe Xu , Xiaolong Wang , Fei Fang , Simon Du , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

Autonomous artificial agents must be able to learn behaviors in complex environments without humans to design tasks and rewards. Designing these functions for each environment is not feasible, thus, motivating the development of intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Alana Santana , Paula P. Costa , Esther L. Colombini

The project's aim is to create an AI agent capable of selecting good actions in a game-playing domain called Battlespace. Sequential domains like Battlespace are important testbeds for planning problems, as such, the Department of Defense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Sujay Nagesh Koujalgi , Jonathan Dodge

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain agentic abilities, they will have to navigate complex multi-agent scenarios, interacting with human users and other agents in cooperative and competitive settings. This will require new reasoning skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Andrei Lupu , Timon Willi , Jakob Foerster