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Dense embedding models are commonly deployed in commercial search engines, wherein all the document vectors are pre-computed, and near-neighbor search (NNS) is performed with the query vector to find relevant documents. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Tharun Medini , Beidi Chen , Anshumali Shrivastava

A vital step towards the widespread adoption of neural retrieval models is their resource efficiency throughout the training, indexing and query workflows. The neural IR community made great advancements in training effective dual-encoder…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Sebastian Hofstätter , Sheng-Chieh Lin , Jheng-Hong Yang , Jimmy Lin , Allan Hanbury

Despite their massive success, training successful deep neural networks still largely relies on experimentally choosing an architecture, hyper-parameters, initialization, and training mechanism. In this work, we focus on determining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Umangi Jain , Harish G. Ramaswamy

Recent information retrieval (IR) models are pre-trained and instruction-tuned on massive datasets and tasks, enabling them to perform well on a wide range of tasks and potentially generalize to unseen tasks with instructions. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Weiwei Sun , Zhengliang Shi , Jiulong Wu , Lingyong Yan , Xinyu Ma , Yiding Liu , Min Cao , Dawei Yin , Zhaochun Ren

This project investigates the efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) in understanding and extracting scientific knowledge across specific domains and to create a deep learning framework: Knowledge AI. As a part of this framework, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Balaji Muralidharan , Hayden Beadles , Reza Marzban , Kalyan Sashank Mupparaju

Recent developments in mechanical, aerospace, and structural engineering have driven a growing need for efficient ways to model and analyse structures at much larger and more complex scales than before. While established numerical methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rui Wu , Nikola Kovachki , Burigede Liu

Trustworthy interpretation of deep learning models is critical for neuroimaging applications, yet commonly used Explainable AI (XAI) methods lack rigorous validation, risking misinterpretation. We performed the first large-scale, systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Nys Tjade Siegel , James H. Cole , Mohamad Habes , Stefan Haufe , Kerstin Ritter , Marc-André Schulz

This paper addresses the problem of very large-scale image retrieval, focusing on improving its accuracy and robustness. We target enhanced robustness of search to factors such as variations in illumination, object appearance and scale,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Syed Sameed Husain , Miroslaw Bober

Background. Previous state-of-the-art systems on Drug Name Recognition (DNR) and Clinical Concept Extraction (CCE) have focused on a combination of text "feature engineering" and conventional machine learning algorithms such as conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Ehsan Zare Borzeshi , Massimo Piccardi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems depend on the geometric properties of vector representations to retrieve contextually appropriate evidence. When source documents interleave multiple topics within contiguous text, standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nick Loghmani

AI-based neural decoding reconstructs visual perception by leveraging generative models to map brain activity, measured through functional MRI (fMRI), into latent hierarchical representations. Traditionally, ridge linear models transform…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-04 Lorenzo Veronese , Andrea Moglia , Luca Mainardi , Pietro Cerveri

Neuroanatomical segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is a prerequisite for volume, thickness and shape measurements. This work introduces a new highly accurate and versatile method based on 3D convolutional neural…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-02-07 Philip Novosad , Vladimir Fonov , D. Louis Collins

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter challenges with the unique syntax of specific domains, such as biomolecules. Existing fine-tuning or modality alignment techniques struggle to bridge the domain knowledge gap and understand complex…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-28 Jinzhe Liu , Xiangsheng Huang , Zhuo Chen , Yin Fang

Deep learning has emerged as a promising approach for learning the nonlinear mapping between diffusion-weighted MR images and tissue parameters, which enables automatic and deep understanding of the brain microstructures. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wenxin Fan , Jian Cheng , Qiyuan Tian , Ruoyou Wu , Juan Zou , Zan Chen , Shanshan Wang

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems play a crucial role in analyzing neuroimaging data for neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, small-sample studies suffer from low reproducibility, while large-scale datasets introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xinglin Zhao , Yanwen Wang , Xiaobo Liu , Yanrong Hao , Rui Cao , Xin Wen

State of the art models using deep neural networks have become very good in learning an accurate mapping from inputs to outputs. However, they still lack generalization capabilities in conditions that differ from the ones encountered during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Alexey Romanov , Chaitanya Shivade

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) AI studies the integration of neural networks (NNs) and symbolic reasoning based on logic. Usually, NeSy techniques focus on learning the neural, probabilistic and/or fuzzy parameters of NeSy models. Learning the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Matthias Möller , Arvid Norlander , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Luc De Raedt

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

The objective of this research is to introduce a network specialized in predicting drugs that can be repurposed by investigating real-world evidence sources, such as clinical trials and biomedical literature. Specifically, it aims to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Ahmed Abdeen Hamed , Tamer E. Fandy

DNA is a promising medium for digital information storage for its exceptional density and durability. While prior studies advanced coding theory, workflow design, and simulation tools, challenges such as synthesis costs, sequencing errors,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rakesh Thakur , Lavanya Singh , Yashika , Manomay Bundawala , Aruna Kumar