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Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved into an ecosystem of specialized "species," each with unique strengths. We analyze two: DeepSeek-V3, a 671-billion-parameter Mixture of Experts large language model (LLM) exemplifying scale-driven…

Machine learning provides a valuable tool for analyzing high-dimensional functional neuroimaging data, and is proving effective in predicting various neurological conditions, psychiatric disorders, and cognitive patterns. In functional…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a well-established path to grounding large language model (LLM) outputs in external knowledge, yet the question of which retrieval strategy works best in a high-stakes domain such as biomedicine…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have made significant improvements to reach the desired accuracy to be employed in a wide variety of Machine Learning (ML) applications. Recently the Google Brain's team demonstrated the ability of Capsule…

Objective: To optimize in-context learning in biomedical natural language processing by improving example selection. Methods: We introduce a novel multi-mode retrieval-augmented generation (MMRAG) framework, which integrates four retrieval…

Recent advancements in AI and medical imaging offer transformative potential in emergency head CT interpretation for reducing assessment times and improving accuracy in the face of an increasing request of such scans and a global shortage…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) greatly enhances large language models (LLMs) performance in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, naive RAG methods struggle with multi-hop question answering due to their limited capacity to capture…

Deep learning is attracting significant interest in the neuroimaging community as a means to diagnose psychiatric and neurological disorders from structural magnetic resonance images. However, there is a tendency amongst researchers to…

Deep learning-based pathological image analysis presents unique challenges due to the practical constraints of network design. Most existing methods apply computer vision models directly to medical tasks, neglecting the distinct…

With the proliferation of Graph Neural Network (GNN) methods stemming from contrastive learning, unsupervised node representation learning for graph data is rapidly gaining traction across various fields, from biology to molecular dynamics,…

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Accurate and realistic simulation of high-dimensional medical images has become an important research area relevant to many AI-enabled healthcare applications. However, current state-of-the-art approaches lack the ability to produce…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have already become a crucial computational approach to revealing the spatial patterns in the human brain; however, there are three major shortcomings in utilizing DNNs to detect the spatial patterns in…

We introduce MRMR, the first expert-level multidisciplinary multimodal retrieval benchmark requiring intensive reasoning. MRMR contains 1,502 queries spanning 23 domains, with positive documents carefully verified by human experts. Compared…

Recent advances in neuroimaging have deepened our understanding of the brain's complex functional and structural organization. Among these, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) - particularly resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) - has…

The integration of multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and clinical data holds great promise for enhancing the diagnosis of neurological disorders (NDs) in real-world clinical settings. Deep Learning (DL) has recently emerged as a…

Embedding models have become essential for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) tasks, semantic clustering, and text re-ranking. But despite their growing use, many of these come with notable limitations. For example, Jina fails to capture…

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays an essential role in deciphering molecular structure and dynamic behaviors. While AI-enhanced NMR prediction models hold promise, challenges still persist in tasks such as molecular…

While there has been a recent explosion of work on ExplainableAI ExAI on deep models that operate on imagery and tabular data, textual datasets present new challenges to the ExAI community. Such challenges can be attributed to the lack of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in biomedical question answering, yet their tendency to generate plausible but unverified claims poses serious risks in clinical settings. To mitigate these risks, the TREC…