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Temporal knowledge graph completion (TKGC) has become a popular approach for reasoning over the event and temporal knowledge graphs, targeting the completion of knowledge with accurate but missing information. In this context, tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Ioannis Dikeoulias , Saadullah Amin , Günter Neumann

Reasoning in a temporal knowledge graph (TKG) is a critical task for information retrieval and semantic search. It is particularly challenging when the TKG is updated frequently. The model has to adapt to changes in the TKG for efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Jiapeng Wu , Yishi Xu , Yingxue Zhang , Chen Ma , Mark Coates , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to predict future events from historical facts. A key challenge lies in jointly capturing two sources of predictive information in TKGs: historical evidence and evolutionary dynamics. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Shuai-long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Jiarui Liang , Guoxi Sun , Zhiyu Fang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) model the temporal evolution of events and have recently attracted increasing attention. Since TKGs are intrinsically incomplete, it is necessary to reason out missing elements. Although existing TKG…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Shangfei Zheng , Hongzhi Yin , Tong Chen , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Wei Chen , Lei Zhao

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) can predict missing links and is crucial for real-world knowledge graphs, which widely suffer from incompleteness. KGC methods assume a knowledge graph is static, but that may lead to inaccurate prediction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Borui Cai , Yong Xiang , Longxiang Gao , He Zhang , Yunfeng Li , Jianxin Li

Inferring missing facts in temporal knowledge graphs is a critical task and has been widely explored. Extrapolation in temporal reasoning tasks is more challenging and gradually attracts the attention of researchers since no direct history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Mengnan Zhao , Lihe Zhang , Yuqiu Kong , Baocai Yin

Well-designed open-source software drives progress in Machine Learning (ML) research. While static graph ML enjoys mature frameworks like PyTorch Geometric and DGL, ML for temporal graphs (TG), networks that evolve over time, lacks…

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) represent time-stamped relational facts and support a wide range of reasoning tasks over evolving events. However, existing methods produce entity representations that are static at the entity level, in that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Seunghan Lee , Jun Seo , Jaehoon Lee , Sungdong Yoo , Minjae Kim , Tae Yoon Lim , Dongwan Kang , Hwanil Choi , SoonYoung Lee , Wonbin Ahn

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) structurally preserve evolving human knowledge. Recent research has focused on designing models to learn the evolutionary nature of TKGs to predict future facts, achieving impressive results. For instance,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhang Jiasheng , Li Zhangpin , Wang Mingzhe , Shao Jie , Cui Jiangtao , Li Hui

A Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is a sequence of KGs corresponding to different timestamps. TKG reasoning aims to predict potential facts in the future given the historical KG sequences. One key of this task is to mine and understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Zixuan Li , Saiping Guan , Xiaolong Jin , Weihua Peng , Yajuan Lyu , Yong Zhu , Long Bai , Wei Li , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) Forecasting aims at predicting links in Knowledge Graphs for future timesteps based on a history of Knowledge Graphs. To this day, standardized evaluation protocols and rigorous comparison across TKG models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Julia Gastinger , Christian Meilicke , Federico Errica , Timo Sztyler , Anett Schuelke , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an extension of regular knowledge graph by attaching the time scope. Existing temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) models solely approach simple questions, owing to the prior assumption that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Rikui Huang , Wei Wei , Xiaoye Qu , Wenfeng Xie , Xianling Mao , Dangyang Chen

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning often involves completing missing factual elements along the timeline. Although existing methods can learn good embeddings for each factual element in quadruples by integrating temporal information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zhiyu Fang , Shuai-Long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Chun Yang , Shi-Xue Zhang , Xu-Cheng Yin , Jingyan Qin

Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (TKGC) is a complex task involving the prediction of missing event links at future timestamps by leveraging established temporal structural knowledge. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Ruilin Luo , Tianle Gu , Haoling Li , Junzhe Li , Zicheng Lin , Jiayi Li , Yujiu Yang

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning is a crucial task that has gained increasing research interest in recent years. Most existing methods focus on reasoning at past timestamps to complete the missing facts, and there are only a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Haohai Sun , Jialun Zhong , Yunpu Ma , Zhen Han , Kun He

Temporal exponential random graph models (TERGM) are powerful statistical models that can be used to infer the temporal pattern of edge formation and elimination in complex networks (e.g., social networks). TERGMs can also be used in a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yifan Huang , Clayton Barham , Eric Page , PK Douglas

Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) is essential for predicting future events and time-aware facts. While existing methods are effective at capturing relational dynamics, their performance is limited by a closed-world assumption,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ze Zhao , Yuhui He , Lyuwen Wu , Gu Tang , Bin Lu , Xiaoying Gan , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Recent Continual Learning (CL)-based Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (TKGR) methods focus on significantly reducing computational cost and mitigating catastrophic forgetting caused by fine-tuning models with new data. However, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhiyu Zhang , Wei Chen , Youfang Lin , Huaiyu Wan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in natural language generation but remain limited in knowle- dge-intensive tasks due to outdated or incomplete internal knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dong Li , Yichen Niu , Ying Ai , Xiang Zou , Biqing Qi , Jianxing Liu

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning that forecasts future events based on historical snapshots distributed over timestamps is denoted as extrapolation and has gained significant attention. Owing to its extreme versatility and variation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jinchuan Zhang , Bei Hui , Chong Mu , Ling Tian