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Agents in partially observable environments require persistent memory to integrate observations over time. While KGs (knowledge graphs) provide a natural representation for such evolving state, existing benchmarks rarely expose agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Taewoon Kim , Vincent François-Lavet , Michael Cochez

Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) poses a significant challenge task, due to the temporal constraints hidden in questions and the answers sought from dynamic structured knowledge. Although large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yifu Gao , Linbo Qiao , Zhigang Kan , Zhihua Wen , Yongquan He , Dongsheng Li

Knowledge Graph (KG) is a flexible structure that is able to describe the complex relationship between data entities. Currently, most KG embedding models are trained based on negative sampling, i.e., the model aims to maximize some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Zelong Li , Jianchao Ji , Zuohui Fu , Yingqiang Ge , Shuyuan Xu , Chong Chen , Yongfeng Zhang

The development of robust generative models for highly varied non-stationary time series data is a complex yet important problem. Traditional models for time series data prediction, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), are inefficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Anton Johansson , Arunselvan Ramaswamy

Temporal characteristics are prominently evident in a substantial volume of knowledge, which underscores the pivotal role of Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) in both academia and industry. However, TKGs often suffer from incompleteness for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Jiapu Wang , Boyue Wang , Meikang Qiu , Shirui Pan , Bo Xiong , Heng Liu , Linhao Luo , Tengfei Liu , Yongli Hu , Baocai Yin , Wen Gao

Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (TKGR) aims to complete missing factual elements along the timeline. Depending on the temporal position of the query, the task is categorized into interpolation and extrapolation. Existing interpolation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jiawei Shen , Jia Zhu , Hanghui Guo , Weijie Shi , Guoqing Ma , Yidan Liang , Jingjiang Liu , Hao Chen , Shimin Di

Dynamic interactions between entities are prevalent in domains like social platforms, financial systems, healthcare, and e-commerce. These interactions can be effectively represented as time-evolving graphs, where predicting future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sidharth Agarwal , Tanishq Dubey , Shubham Gupta , Srikanta Bedathur

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently become increasingly popular due to their ability to learn complex systems of relations or interactions arising in a broad spectrum of problems ranging from biology and particle physics to social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Emanuele Rossi , Ben Chamberlain , Fabrizio Frasca , Davide Eynard , Federico Monti , Michael Bronstein

Conventional embedding-based models approach event time prediction in temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) as a ranking problem. However, they often fall short in capturing essential temporal relationships such as order and distance. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Siheng Xiong , Yuan Yang , Ali Payani , James C Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to predict the future missing facts based on historical information and has gained increasing research interest recently. Lots of works have been made to model the historical structural and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Hao Dong , Zhiyuan Ning , Pengyang Wang , Ziyue Qiao , Pengfei Wang , Yuanchun Zhou , Yanjie Fu

The graph with complex annotations is the most potent data type, whose constantly evolving motivates further exploration of the unsupervised dynamic graph representation. One of the representative paradigms is graph contrastive learning. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yiming Xu , Bin Shi , Teng Ma , Bo Dong , Haoyi Zhou , Qinghua Zheng

Stemming from traditional knowledge graphs (KGs), hyper-relational KGs (HKGs) provide additional key-value pairs (i.e., qualifiers) for each KG fact that help to better restrict the fact validity. In recent years, there has been an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Zifeng Ding , Jingcheng Wu , Jingpei Wu , Yan Xia , Volker Tresp

Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs), as an extension of static Knowledge Graphs (KGs), incorporate the temporal feature to express the transience of knowledge by describing when facts occur. TKG extrapolation aims to infer possible future…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hao Dong , Ziyue Qiao , Zhiyuan Ning , Qi Hao , Yi Du , Pengyang Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

Knowledge is inherently time-sensitive and continuously evolves over time. Although current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enrich LLMs with external knowledge, they largely ignore this temporal nature. This raises two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiale Han , Austin Cheung , Yubai Wei , Zheng Yu , Xusheng Wang , Bing Zhu , Yi Yang

Knowledge graphs (KGs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for structuring and leveraging diverse real-world knowledge, which serve as a fundamental technology for enabling cognitive intelligence systems with advanced understanding and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Guanglin Niu , Bo Li , Yangguang Lin

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) inherently reflect the transient nature of real-world knowledge, as opposed to static knowledge graphs. Naturally, automatic TKG completion has drawn much research interests for a more realistic modeling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jaehun Jung , Jinhong Jung , U Kang

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful, general tool for learning complex behaviors. However, its sample efficiency is often impractically large for solving challenging real-world problems, even with off-policy algorithms such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Vitchyr Pong , Shixiang Gu , Murtaza Dalal , Sergey Levine

Temporal knowledge graph completion (TKGC) aims to fill in missing facts within a given temporal knowledge graph at a specific time. Existing methods, operating in real or complex spaces, have demonstrated promising performance in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Li Cai , Xin Mao , Zhihong Wang , Shangqing Zhao , Yuhao Zhou , Changxu Wu , Man Lan

We present the Temporal Graph Benchmark (TGB), a collection of challenging and diverse benchmark datasets for realistic, reproducible, and robust evaluation of machine learning models on temporal graphs. TGB datasets are of large scale,…

A temporal knowledge graph (TKG) stores the events derived from the data involving time. Predicting events is extremely challenging due to the time-sensitive property of events. Besides, the previous TKG completion (TKGC) approaches cannot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Guanglin Niu , Bo Li