Related papers: From Symmetry to Structure: Gauge-Invariant Operat…
Covariant quantization of the electromagnetic field imposes the so-called gauge-fixing modification on the Lagrangian density. As a result of that, the total angular momentum operator receives at least one gauge-fixing-originated…
In this series of papers, we propose a theory of enumerative invariants counting self-dual objects in self-dual categories. Ordinary enumerative invariants in abelian categories can be seen as invariants for the structure group $\mathrm{GL}…
Gauge symmetries emerge from a redundant description of the effective action for light degrees of freedom after the decoupling of heavy modes. This redundant description avoids the use of explicit constraints in configuration space. For…
How to make compatible both boundary and gauge conditions for generally covariant theories using the gauge symmetry generated by first class constraints is studied. This approach employs finite gauge transformations in contrast with…
Gauge-invariant systems in unconstrained configuration and phase spaces, equivalent to second-class constraints systems upon a gauge-fixing, are discussed. A mathematical pendulum on an $n-1$-dimensional sphere $S^{n-1}$ as an example of a…
Invariant tensors play an important role in gauge theories, for example, in dualities of N=1 gauge theories. However, for theories with fields in representations larger than the fundamental, the full set of invariant tensors is often…
Gauge invariance is essential for making physically meaningful predictions. In superconductors, mean-field Hamiltonians that explicitly break $U(1)$ symmetry often yield gauge-dependent results. While this issue has been resolved for linear…
We study the algebra of invariant representative functions over the N-fold Cartesian product of copies of a compact Lie group G modulo the action of conjugation by the diagonal subgroup. We construct a basis of invariant representative…
We study the structure of the inverse limit of the graded algebras of local unitary invariant polynomials using its Hilbert series. For k subsystems, we conjecture that the inverse limit is a free algebra and the number of algebraically…
Let the finite group $G$ act linearly on the vector space $V$ over the field $k$ of arbitrary characteristic. If $H<G$ is a subgroup the extension of invariant rings $k[V]^G\subset k[V]^H$ is studied using modules of covariants. An example…
The procedure to find gauge invariant variables for two-parameter nonlinear perturbations in general relativity is considered. For each order metric perturbation, we define the variable which is defined by the appropriate combination with…
Gauge symmetries play a fundamental role in Physics, as they provide a mathematical justification for the fundamental forces. Usually, one starts from a non-interactive theory which governs `matter', and features a global symmetry. One then…
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gauge symmetry of classical field theories in integral formalism. A gauge invariant theory is defined in terms of the invariance of the physical observables under the coordinate…
Let G be a finite group acting linearly on the polynomial ring with invariant ring R. If the action is small, then a classical result of Auslander gives in dimension two a correspondence between linear representations of G and maximal…
We introduce an invariant linked to some foundational questions in geometric measure theory and provide bounds on this invariant by decomposing an arbitrary cycle into uniformly rectifiable pieces. Our invariant measures the difficulty of…
Gauge-invariant polynomial functions of matrix and tensor variables capture combinatorial structures of gauge-string duality, which can be usefully organised using finite-dimensional associative algebras. I review recent work on eigenvalue…
A notion of curvature is introduced in multivariable operator theory and an analogue of the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem is established for graded (contractive) Hilbert modules over the complex polynomial algebra in d variables, d=1,2,3,....…
We analyze how gauge fixing, which is required by any practical continuum approach to gauge systems, can interfere with the physical symmetries of such systems. In principle, the gauge fixing procedure, which deals with the (unphysical)…
The gauge theory for random spin systems is extended to quantum spin glasses to derive a number of exact and/or rigorous results. The transverse Ising model and the quantum gauge glass are shown to be gauge invariant. For these models, an…
We parametrize the gauge-fixing freedom in choosing the Lagrangian of a topological gauge theory. We compute the gauge-fixing dependence of correlators of equivariant operators when the compactified moduli space has a non-empty boundary and…