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Making legal knowledge accessible to non-experts is crucial for enhancing general legal literacy and encouraging civic participation in democracy. However, legal documents are often challenging to understand for people without legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Hang Jiang , Xiajie Zhang , Robert Mahari , Daniel Kessler , Eric Ma , Tal August , Irene Li , Alex 'Sandy' Pentland , Yoon Kim , Deb Roy , Jad Kabbara

Reviewing contracts is a time-consuming procedure that incurs large expenses to companies and social inequality to those who cannot afford it. In this work, we propose "document-level natural language inference (NLI) for contracts", a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Yuta Koreeda , Christopher D. Manning

Legal professionals spend significant time reading, writing, and interpreting complex documents, yet research has not fully captured how they approach these tasks or what they expect from skimming and writing-support tools. To examine…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chelse Swoopes , Ziwei Gu , Elena L. Glassman

Business contracts, particularly sale and purchase agreements, often contain a large number of clauses and are correspondingly long and complex. In practice, it is therefore a great challenge to keep track of their legal context and to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Alan Khoja , Martin Kölbl , Stefan Leue , Rüdiger Wilhelmi

Smart contracts can implement and automate parts of legal contracts, but ensuring their legal compliance remains challenging. Existing approaches such as formal specification, verification, and model-based development require expertise in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chanuka Wijayakoon , Hai Dong , H. M. N. Dilum Bandara , Zahir Tari , Anurag Soin

Clause recommendation is the problem of recommending a clause to a legal contract, given the context of the contract in question and the clause type to which the clause should belong. With not much prior work being done toward the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Sagar Joshi , Sumanth Balaji , Jerrin Thomas , Aparna Garimella , Vasudeva Varma

A contract is a type of legal document commonly used in organizations. Contract review is an integral and repetitive process to avoid business risk and liability. Contract analysis requires the identification and classification of key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Amit Tewari

This paper introduces the Legal Intelligence and Client Engagement System (LICES), a novel architecture designed to redefine legal consultation services through the systematic integration of advanced artificial intelligence, natural…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sean Kalaycioglu , Bob Liu , Colin Hong , Haipeng Xie

Prompt optimization aims to systematically refine prompts to enhance a language model's performance on specific tasks. Fairness detection in Terms of Service (ToS) clauses is a challenging legal NLP task that demands carefully crafted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hyunji Lee , Kevin Chenhao Li , Matthias Grabmair , Shanshan Xu

Contracts are an essential and fundamental component of commerce and society, serving to clarify agreement between multiple parties. While digital technologies have helped to automate many activities associated with contracting, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-01 John Cummins , Christopher Clack

Smart Contracts use computer technology to automate the performance of aspects of commercial agreements. Yet how can there be confidence that the computer code is faithful to the intentions of the parties? To understand the depth and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Christopher D. Clack

Smart Contract Templates support legally-enforceable smart contracts, using operational parameters to connect legal agreements to standardised code. In this paper, we explore the design landscape of potential formats for storage and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Christopher D. Clack , Vikram A. Bakshi , Lee Braine

Employment contracts are used to agree upon the working conditions between employers and employees all over the world. Understanding and reviewing contracts for void or unfair clauses requires extensive knowledge of the legal system and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Oliver Wardas , Florian Matthes

Legal work, characterized by its text-heavy and resource-intensive nature, presents unique challenges and opportunities for NLP research. While data-driven approaches have advanced the field, their lack of interpretability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Oliver Wardas , Florian Matthes

Judicial opinions are written to be persuasive and could build public trust in court decisions, yet they can be difficult for non-experts to understand. We present a pipeline for using an AI assistant to generate simplified summaries of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Elliott Ash , Aniket Kesari , Suresh Naidu , Lena Song , Dominik Stammbach

The recent proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has opened up new frontiers in computational law. An exciting area of development is the use of AI to automate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Rohan Padhye

Contracts underlie most modern commercial transactions defining define the duties and obligations of the related parties in an agreement. Ensuring such agreements are error free is crucial for modern society and their analysis of a contract…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Alexandre Yukio Ichida , Felipe Meneguzzi

This paper concentrates on the representation of the legal relations that obtain between parties once they have entered a contractual agreement and their evolution as the agreement progresses through time. Contracts are regarded as process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Aspassia Daskalopulu

The research investigates the crucial role of clear and intelligible terms of service in cultivating user trust and facilitating informed decision-making in the context of AI, in specific GenAI. It highlights the obstacles presented by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Sundaraparipurnan Narayanan

Understanding the legally relevant factual basis of an event and conveying it through text is a key skill of legal professionals. This skill is important for preparing forms (e.g., insurance claims) or other legal documents (e.g., court…