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IoT applications are one of the driving forces in making systems energy and power-efficient, given their resource constraints. However, because of security, latency, and transmission, we advocate for local computing through multi-processor…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Anderson I. Silva , Altamiro Susin , Fernanda L. Kastensmidt , Antonio Carlos S. Beck , Jose Rodrigo Azambuja

Heterogeneous, multicore SoC architectures are a critical component of today's computing landscape. However, supporting both increasing heterogeneity and multicore execution are significant design challenges. Meanwhile, the growing RISC-V…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Joseph Zuckerman , Paolo Mantovani , Davide Giri , Luca P. Carloni

Handling vast amounts of data is crucial in today's world. The growth of high-performance computing has created a need for parallelization, particularly in the area of machine learning algorithms such as ANN (Approximate Nearest Neighbors).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Konstantin Rumyantsev , Pavel Yakovlev , Andrey Gorshkov , Andrey P. Sokolov

Considering the high-performance and low-power requirements of edge AI, this study designs a specialized instruction set processor for edge AI based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture, addressing practical issues in digital signal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Xu-Hao Chen , Si-Peng Hu , Hong-Chao Liu , Bo-Ran Liu , Dan Tang , Di Zhao

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely adopted cryptographic algorithm essential for securing embedded systems and IoT platforms. However, existing AES hardware accelerators often face limitations in performance, energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Van Tinh Nguyen , Phuc Hung Pham , Vu Trung Duong Le , Hoai Luan Pham , Tuan Hai Vu , Thi Diem Tran

The rapid development of RISC-V instruction set architecture presents new opportunities and challenges for software developers. Is it sufficient to simply recompile high-performance software optimized for x86-64 onto RISC-V CPUs? Are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Anna Pirova , Anastasia Vodeneeva , Konstantin Kovalev , Alexander Ustinov , Evgeny Kozinov , Alexey Liniov , Valentin Volokitin , Iosif Meyerov

While functional RISC-V implementations are readily available in academia, controlled empirical studies that extend a single baseline architecture along multiple design axes and quantify the resulting trade-offs at each step remain scarce.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hyunwoo Kang

Managing energy and thermal profiles is critical for many-core HPC processors with hundreds of application-class processing elements (PEs). Advanced model predictive control (MPC) delivers state-of-the-art performance but requires solving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Alessandro Ottaviano , Andrino Meli , Paul Scheffler , Giovanni Bambini , Robert Balas , Davide Rossi , Andrea Bartolini , Luca Benini

The RISC-V "V" extension introduces vector processing to the RISC-V architecture. Unlike most SIMD extensions, it supports long vectors which can result in significant improvement of multiple applications. In this paper, we present our…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Sonia Rani Gupta , Nikela Papadopoulou , Miquel Pericàs

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention in edge computing due to their low power consumption and computational efficiency. However, existing implementations either use conventional System on Chip (SoC) architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kanishka Gunawardana , Sanka Peeris , Kavishka Rambukwella , Thamish Wanduragala , Saadia Jameel , Roshan Ragel , Isuru Nawinne

Expanding Deep Learning applications toward edge computing demands architectures capable of delivering high computational performance and efficiency while adhering to tight power and memory constraints. Digital In-Memory Computing (DIMC)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tommaso Spagnolo , Cristina Silvano , Riccardo Massa , Filippo Grillotti , Thomas Boesch , Giuseppe Desoli

This article describes the first public implementation and evaluation of the latest version of the RISC-V hypervisor extension (H-extension v0.6.1) specification in a Rocket chip core. To perform a meaningful evaluation for modern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Bruno Sá , José Martins , Sandro Pinto

The open-source RISC-V ISA is gaining traction, both in industry and academia. The ISA is designed to scale from micro-controllers to server-class processors. Furthermore, openness promotes the availability of various open-source and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Florian Zaruba , Luca Benini

Spiking Neural Network processing promises to provide high energy efficiency due to the sparsity of the spiking events. However, when realized on general-purpose hardware -- such as a RISC-V processor -- this promise can be undermined and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Wiktor J. Szczerek , Artur Podobas

Structured sparsity has been proposed as an efficient way to prune the complexity of Machine Learning (ML) applications and to simplify the handling of sparse data in hardware. Accelerating ML models, whether for training, or inference,…

In this paper we present Arrow, a configurable hardware accelerator architecture that implements a subset of the RISC-V v0.9 vector ISA extension aimed at edge machine learning inference. Our experimental results show that an Arrow…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Imad Al Assir , Mohamad El Iskandarani , Hadi Rayan Al Sandid , Mazen A. R. Saghir

As RISC-V architectures proliferate across embedded and high-performance domains, developers face persistent challenges in performance optimization due to fragmented tooling, immature hardware features, and platform-specific defects. This…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Alexander Batashev

In this work, we present the design and evaluation of a Processor Tracing System compliant with the RISC-V Efficient Trace specification for Instruction Branch Tracing. We integrate our system into the host domain of a state-of-the-art edge…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Umberto Laghi , Simone Manoni , Emanuele Parisi , Andrea Bartolini

This paper presents a novel System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture for accelerating complex deep learning models for edge computing applications through a combination of hardware and software optimisations. The hardware architecture tightly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Vineet Kumar , Ajay Kumar M , Yike Li , Shreejith Shanker , Deepu John

Low bit-width Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) enable deployment of complex machine learning models on constrained devices such as microcontrollers (MCUs) by reducing their memory footprint. Fine-grained asymmetric quantization (i.e.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Gianmarco Ottavi , Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi