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There has been an increasing interest in inferring future links on temporal knowledge graphs (KG). While links on temporal KGs vary continuously over time, the existing approaches model the temporal KGs in discrete state spaces. To this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Zhen Han , Zifeng Ding , Yunpu Ma , Yujia Gu , Volker Tresp

In this paper, we investigate a realistic but underexplored problem, called few-shot temporal knowledge graph reasoning, that aims to predict future facts for newly emerging entities based on extremely limited observations in evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ruijie Wang , Zheng Li , Dachun Sun , Shengzhong Liu , Jinning Li , Bing Yin , Tarek Abdelzaher

Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) is essential for predicting future events and time-aware facts. While existing methods are effective at capturing relational dynamics, their performance is limited by a closed-world assumption,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ze Zhao , Yuhui He , Lyuwen Wu , Gu Tang , Bin Lu , Xiaoying Gan , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) representation learning embeds entities and event types into a continuous low-dimensional vector space by integrating the temporal information, which is essential for downstream tasks, e.g., event prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Xing Tang , Ling Chen

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) extrapolation is an important task that aims to predict future facts through historical interaction information within KG snapshots. A key challenge for most existing TKG extrapolation models is handling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Dongying Lin , Yinan Liu , Shengwei tang , Bin Wang , Xiaochun Yang

Most knowledge graph completion (KGC) methods learn latent representations of entities and relations of a given graph by mapping them into a vector space. Although the majority of these methods focus on static knowledge graphs, a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Duygu Sezen Islakoglu , Mel Chekol , Yannis Velegrakis

Reasoning in a temporal knowledge graph (TKG) is a critical task for information retrieval and semantic search. It is particularly challenging when the TKG is updated frequently. The model has to adapt to changes in the TKG for efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Jiapeng Wu , Yishi Xu , Yingxue Zhang , Chen Ma , Mark Coates , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an efficient method for describing the dynamic development of facts along a timeline. Most research on TKG reasoning (TKGR) focuses on modelling the repetition of global facts and designing patterns of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yuehang Si , Zefan Zeng , Jincai Huang , Qing Cheng

Temporal knowledge graphs represent temporal facts $(s,p,o,\tau)$ relating a subject $s$ and an object $o$ via a relation label $p$ at time $\tau$, where $\tau$ could be a time point or time interval. Temporal knowledge graphs may exhibit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiaxin Pan , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Yinan Li , Steffen Staab

Knowledge Graph (KG) embedding has attracted more attention in recent years. Most KG embedding models learn from time-unaware triples. However, the inclusion of temporal information beside triples would further improve the performance of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Chengjin Xu , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Fouad Alkhoury , Hamed Shariat Yazdi , Jens Lehmann

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning that forecasts future events based on historical snapshots distributed over timestamps is denoted as extrapolation and has gained significant attention. Owing to its extreme versatility and variation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jinchuan Zhang , Bei Hui , Chong Mu , Ling Tian

Question answering over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGQA) has recently found increasing interest. TKGQA requires temporal reasoning techniques to extract the relevant information from temporal knowledge bases. The only existing TKGQA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Zifeng Ding , Zongyue Li , Ruoxia Qi , Jingpei Wu , Bailan He , Yunpu Ma , Zhao Meng , Shuo Chen , Ruotong Liao , Zhen Han , Volker Tresp

Research on link prediction in knowledge graphs has mainly focused on static multi-relational data. In this work we consider temporal knowledge graphs where relations between entities may only hold for a time interval or a specific point in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Alberto García-Durán , Sebastijan Dumančić , Mathias Niepert

Static knowledge graph (SKG) embedding (SKGE) has been studied intensively in the past years. Recently, temporal knowledge graph (TKG) embedding (TKGE) has emerged. In this paper, we propose a Recursive Temporal Fact Embedding (RTFE)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Youri Xu , E Haihong , Meina Song , Wenyu Song , Xiaodong Lv , Wang Haotian , Yang Jinrui

Modeling time-evolving knowledge graphs (KGs) has recently gained increasing interest. Here, graph representation learning has become the dominant paradigm for link prediction on temporal KGs. However, the embedding-based approaches largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Zhen Han , Peng Chen , Yunpu Ma , Volker Tresp

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning often involves completing missing factual elements along the timeline. Although existing methods can learn good embeddings for each factual element in quadruples by integrating temporal information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zhiyu Fang , Shuai-Long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Chun Yang , Shi-Xue Zhang , Xu-Cheng Yin , Jingyan Qin

Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) techniques play a pivotal role in transforming symbolic Knowledge Graphs (KGs) into numerical representations, thereby enhancing various deep learning models for knowledge-augmented applications. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Guanglin Niu

Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) represent dynamic facts as timestamped relations between entities. TKG completion involves forecasting missing or future links, requiring models to reason over time-evolving structure. While LLMs show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ömer Faruk Akgül , Feiyu Zhu , Yuxin Yang , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) involves retrieving facts from a Knowledge Graph (KG) using natural language queries. A KG is a curated set of facts consisting of entities linked by relations. Certain facts include also temporal…

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) can predict missing links and is crucial for real-world knowledge graphs, which widely suffer from incompleteness. KGC methods assume a knowledge graph is static, but that may lead to inaccurate prediction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Borui Cai , Yong Xiang , Longxiang Gao , He Zhang , Yunfeng Li , Jianxin Li