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To act in the world, a model must name what it sees and know where it is in 3D. Today's vision-language models (VLMs) excel at open-ended 2D description and grounding, yet multi-object 3D detection remains largely missing from the VLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yunze Man , Shihao Wang , Guowen Zhang , Johan Bjorck , Zhiqi Li , Liang-Yan Gui , Jim Fan , Jan Kautz , Yu-Xiong Wang , Zhiding Yu

Understanding and localizing objects in complex 3D environments from natural language descriptions, known as 3D Visual Grounding (3DVG), is a foundational challenge in embodied AI, with broad implications for robotics, augmented reality,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiaxi Zhang , Yunheng Wang , Wei Lu , Taowen Wang , Weisheng Xu , Shuning Zhang , Yixiao Feng , Yuetong Fang , Renjing Xu

Effective scene representation is critical for the visual grounding ability of representations, yet existing methods for 3D Visual Grounding are often constrained. They either only focus on geometric and visual cues, or, like traditional 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Qinghongbing Xie , Zijian Liang , Fuhao Li , Long Zeng

Spatial intelligence, encompassing 3D reconstruction, perception, and reasoning, is fundamental to applications such as robotics, aerial imaging, and extended reality. A key enabler is the real-time, accurate estimation of core 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Wenyan Cong , Yiqing Liang , Yancheng Zhang , Ziyi Yang , Yan Wang , Boris Ivanovic , Marco Pavone , Chen Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Zhiwen Fan

Verifiable geometric reasoning is a critical component for trustworthy and controllable agentic AI. Despite impressive capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often fail under realistic scene changes. We present Tri-Bench, a compact…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Amit Bendkhale

Vision-language models (VLMs) commonly formulate visual grounding and detection as a coordinate-token generation problem, serializing each 2D box into multiple 1D tokens that are learned and decoded largely independently. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shihao Wang , Shilong Liu , Yuanguo Kuang , Xinyu Wei , Yangzhou Liu , Zhiqi Li , Yunze Man , Guo Chen , Andrew Tao , Guilin Liu , Jan Kautz , Lei Zhang , Zhiding Yu

Understanding 3D spatial relationships remains a major limitation of current Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Prior work has addressed this issue by creating spatial question-answering (QA) datasets based on single images or indoor videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Mohsen Gholami , Ahmad Rezaei , Zhou Weimin , Sitong Mao , Shunbo Zhou , Yong Zhang , Mohammad Akbari

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary vision-language understanding capabilities, their abilities to solve instance-level visual-language problems beyond a single image warrant further exploration.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yunqiu Xu , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Recent methods in text-to-3D leverage powerful pretrained diffusion models to optimize NeRF. Notably, these methods are able to produce high-quality 3D scenes without training on 3D data. Due to the open-ended nature of the task, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yuze He , Yushi Bai , Matthieu Lin , Wang Zhao , Yubin Hu , Jenny Sheng , Ran Yi , Juanzi Li , Yong-Jin Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly proposed as general-purpose tools for scientific data interpretation, yet their reliability on real astronomical observations across diverse modalities remains untested. We present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wenke Ren , Hengxiao Guo , Wenwen Zuo , Xiaoman Zhang

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) aims to locate objects in 3D scenes based on textual descriptions, essential for applications like augmented reality and robotics. Traditional 3DVG approaches rely on annotated 3D datasets and predefined object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rong Li , Shijie Li , Lingdong Kong , Xulei Yang , Junwei Liang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly in multimodal perception and language understanding, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably ground language into spatially coherent, plausibly executable actions in 3D digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Niyati Rawal , Sushant Ravva , Shah Alam Abir , Saksham Jain , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Suranjana Trivedy , Amitava Das

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) is a critical bridge from vision-language perception to robotics, requiring both language understanding and 3D scene reasoning. Traditional supervised models leverage explicit 3D geometry but exhibit limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Seongmin Jung , Seongho Choi , Gunwoo Jeon , Minsu Cho , Jongwoo Lim

We investigate the ability of Vision Language Models (VLMs) to perform visual perspective taking using a new set of visual tasks inspired by established human tests. Our approach leverages carefully controlled scenes in which a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Gracjan Góral , Alicja Ziarko , Piotr Miłoś , Michał Nauman , Maciej Wołczyk , Michał Kosiński

Grounding object properties and relations in 3D scenes is a prerequisite for a wide range of artificial intelligence tasks, such as visually grounded dialogues and embodied manipulation. However, the variability of the 3D domain induces two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Joy Hsu , Jiayuan Mao , Jiajun Wu

Human-level agentic intelligence extends beyond low-level geometric perception, evolving from recognizing where things are to understanding what they are for. While existing benchmarks effectively evaluate the geometric perception…

Large vision language models (VLMs) increasingly claim reasoning skills, yet current benchmarks evaluate them in single-turn or question answering settings. However, grounding is an interactive process in which people gradually develop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Saki Imai , Mert İnan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

Prior studies on 3D scene understanding have primarily developed specialized models for specific tasks or required task-specific fine-tuning. In this study, we propose Grounded 3D-LLM, which explores the potential of 3D large multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yilun Chen , Shuai Yang , Haifeng Huang , Tai Wang , Runsen Xu , Ruiyuan Lyu , Dahua Lin , Jiangmiao Pang

3D vision-language grounding, which focuses on aligning language with the 3D physical environment, stands as a cornerstone in the development of embodied agents. In comparison to recent advancements in the 2D domain, grounding language in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Baoxiong Jia , Yixin Chen , Huangyue Yu , Yan Wang , Xuesong Niu , Tengyu Liu , Qing Li , Siyuan Huang