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We describe PNim and RNim, two variants of Nim in which piles of tokens are replaced with integer partitions or hyperrectangles. In PNim, the players choose one of the integer partitions and remove a positive number of rows or a positive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Eric Gottlieb , Matjaž Krnc , Peter Muršič

We present take-away games whose Sprague-Grundy functions are given by the Nim sum of heap sizes in a mixed base $\beta$. Let $\Delta_\beta$ be the set of such games. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-09 Yuki Irie

In many multiagent environments, a designer has some, but limited control over the game being played. In this paper, we formalize this by considering incompletely specified games, in which some entries of the payoff matrices can be chosen…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Markus Brill , Rupert Freeman , Vincent Conitzer

We provide supplementary appendices to the paper Misere quotients for impartial games. These include detailed solutions to many of the octal games discussed in the paper, and descriptions of the algorithms used to compute most of our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thane E. Plambeck , Aaron N. Siegel

We investigate the complexity of finding a winning strategy for the mis\`ere version of three games played on graphs : two variants of the game $\text{NimG}$, introduced by Stockmann in 2004 and the game $\text{Vertex Geography}$ on both…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-05-05 Gabriel Renault , Simon Schmidt

The Grundy number of an impartial game G is the size of the unique Nim heap equal to G. We introduce a new variant of Nim, Restricted Nim, which restricts the number of stones a player may remove from a heap in terms of the size of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lionel Levine

A new combinatorial game is given. It generalizes both Substraction and Nim. It is proved the computation of Nash equilibrium points in this new game is NP-hard.

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Chunlei Liu

We study an impartial avoidance game introduced by Anderson and Harary. The game is played by two players who alternately select previously unselected elements of a finite group. The first player who cannot select an element without making…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-12 Bret J. Benesh , Dana C. Ernst , Nandor Sieben

We introduce Row Impartial Terminus (RIT), an impartial combinatorial game played on integer partitions. We show that any position in RIT can be uniquely decomposed into a core and a remnant. Our central result is that the Conway pair of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Eric Gottlieb , Dawood Khatana , Matjaž Krnc , Peter Muršič , Ismael Qureshi

A poset game is a two-player game played over a partially ordered set (poset) in which the players alternate choosing an element of the poset, removing it and all elements greater than it. The first player unable to select an element of the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Daniel Grier

In this paper, we provide an effective characterization of all the subgame-perfect equilibria in infinite duration games played on finite graphs with mean-payoff objectives. To this end, we introduce the notion of requirement, and the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Léonard Brice , Jean-François Raskin , Marie Van Den Bogaard

Given $n$ piles of tokens and a positive integer $k \leq n$, the game Nim$^1_{n, =k}$ of exact slow $k$-Nim is played as follows. Two players move alternately. In each move, a player chooses exactly $k$ non-empty piles and removes one token…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Nikolay Chikin , Vladimir Gurvich , Konstantin Knop , Mike Paterson , Michael Vyalyi

For normal play, impartial games, we define penults as those positions in which every option results in an immediate win for the other player. We explore the number of tokens in penults of two positional games, Impartial Tic and Impartial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-06 Boris Alexeev , Paul Ellis , Michael Richter , Thotsaporn Aek Thanatipanonda

We study an impartial game introduced by Anderson and Harary. This game is played by two players who alternately choose previously-unselected elements of a finite group. The first player who builds a generating set from the jointly-selected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-04 Bret J. Benesh , Dana C. Ernst , Nandor Sieben

This thesis will be discussing scoring play combinatorial games and looking at the general structure of these games under different operators. I will also be looking at the Sprague-Grundy values for scoring play impartial games, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-22 Fraser Stewart

We introduce the notion of invariant vectors of a game and develop the Invariance Reduction Process, which first uses reduction of positions via invariance and then zero and merge reductions of games to arrive at smaller, solved sub-games…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Balaji R. Kadam , Matthieu Dufour , Silvia Heubach

We introduce a problem set-up we call the Iterated Matching Pennies (IMP) game and show that it is a powerful framework for the study of three problems: adversarial learnability, conventional (i.e., non-adversarial) learnability and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-02-10 Michael Brand , David L. Dowe

Poset games have been the object of mathematical study for over a century, but little has been written on the computational complexity of determining important properties of these games. In this introduction we develop the fundamentals of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-06-26 Stephen A. Fenner , John Rogers

It is known that the generalized Nash equilibrium problem can be reformulated as a quasivariational inequality. Our aim in this work is to introduce a variational approach to study the existence of solutions for generalized ordinal Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Orestes Bueno , John Cotrina , Yboon García

AlphaZero-style reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have achieved superhuman performance in many complex board games such as Chess, Shogi, and Go. However, we showcase that these algorithms encounter significant and fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Bei Zhou , Søren Riis