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Visual grounding, a crucial vision-language task involving the understanding of the visual context based on the query expression, necessitates the model to capture the interactions between objects, as well as various spatial and attribute…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Haozhan Shen , Tiancheng Zhao , Mingwei Zhu , Jianwei Yin

Training Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) agents via Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces critical challenges: environment-based RL requires costly interactions, while environment-free methods struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jiani Zheng , Lu Wang , Fangkai Yang , Chaoyun Zhang , Lingrui Mei , Wenjie Yin , Qingwei Lin , Dongmei Zhang , Saravan Rajmohan , Qi Zhang

Visual Language Models (VLMs) have increasingly become the main paradigm for understanding indoor scenes, but they still struggle with metric and spatial reasoning. Current approaches rely on end-to-end video understanding or large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fernando Ropero , Erkin Turkoz , Daniel Matos , Junqing Du , Antonio Ruiz , Yanfeng Zhang , Lu Liu , Mingwei Sun , Yongliang Wang

We propose V-Droid, a mobile GUI task automation agent. Unlike previous mobile agents that utilize Large Language Models (LLMs) as generators to directly generate actions at each step, V-Droid employs LLMs as verifiers to evaluate candidate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Gaole Dai , Shiqi Jiang , Ting Cao , Yuanchun Li , Yuqing Yang , Rui Tan , Mo Li , Lili Qiu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have powered Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, showing promise in automating tasks on computing devices. Recent works have begun exploring reasoning in GUI tasks with encouraging results.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuhang Liu , Pengxiang Li , Congkai Xie , Xavier Hu , Xiaotian Han , Shengyu Zhang , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities in geo-localization, yet they often struggle in real-world scenarios where visual cues are sparse, long-tailed, and highly ambiguous. Previous approaches,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Furong Jia , Ling Dai , Wenjin Deng , Fan Zhang , Chen Hu , Daxin Jiang , Yu Liu

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding, the process of mapping human instructions to GUI actions, serves as a fundamental basis to autonomous GUI agents. While existing grounding models achieve promising performance to simulate the mouse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zeyi Liao , Yadong Lu , Boyu Gou , Huan Sun , Ahmed Awadallah

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have significantly enhanced the visual grounding task, which involves locating objects in an image based on natural language queries. Despite these advancements, the security of VLM-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Junxian Li , Beining Xu , Simin Chen , Jiatong Li , Jingdi Lei , Haodong Zhao , Di Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents have emerged as a transformative paradigm in human-computer interaction, evolving from rule-based automation scripts to sophisticated AI-driven systems capable of understanding and executing complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Fei Tang , Haolei Xu , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Xingyu Wu , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Guiyang Hou , Zeqi Tan , Yuchen Yan , Kaitao Song , Jian Shao , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Visual grounding is a task to locate the target indicated by a natural language expression. Existing methods extend the generic object detection framework to this problem. They base the visual grounding on the features from pre-generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Li Yang , Yan Xu , Chunfeng Yuan , Wei Liu , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

Visual grounding is an essential capability of Visual Language Models (VLMs) to understand the real physical world. Previous state-of-the-art grounding visual language models usually have large model sizes, making them heavy for deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Guanqi Zhan , Changye Li , Zhijian Liu , Yao Lu , Yi Wu , Song Han , Ligeng Zhu

Robots are increasingly expected to execute open ended natural language requests in human environments, which demands reliable long horizon execution under partial observability. This is especially challenging for humanoids because…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Peng Ren , Haoyang Ge , Chuan Qi , Cong Huang , Hong Li , Jiang Zhao , Pei Chi , Kai Chen

The recent progress of large language model agents has opened new possibilities for automating tasks through graphical user interfaces (GUIs), especially in mobile environments where intelligent interaction can greatly enhance usability.…

With the growing reliance on digital devices equipped with graphical user interfaces (GUIs), such as computers and smartphones, the need for effective automation tools has become increasingly important. While multimodal large language…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Bartosz Maj , Bartosz Kozakiewicz , Oleksii Tymoshchuk , Artur Janicki

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, driven by Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling intelligent interaction with digital systems. This paper provides a structured survey of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahao Li , Kaer Huang

Precise spatial reasoning is fundamental to robotic manipulation, yet the visual backbones of current vision-language-action (VLA) models are predominantly pretrained on 2D image data without explicit 3D geometric supervision, resulting in…

Large vision-language models have endowed GUI agents with strong general capabilities for interface understanding and interaction. However, due to insufficient exposure to domain-specific software operation data during training, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Rui Xie , Zhi Gao , Chenrui Shi , Zirui Shang , Lu Chen , Qing Li

Visual grounding is the task of localising image regions from natural language queries and is critical for reasoning capable Graphical User Interface agents. Many existing methods rely on massive, noisy synthetic datasets. This work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Georgios Pantazopoulos , Eda B. Özyiğit

We study how to endow GUI agents with scalable memory that help generalize across unfamiliar interfaces and long-horizon tasks. Prior GUI agents compress past trajectories into text tokens, which balloons context length and misses decisive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Wenyi Wu , Kun Zhou , Ruoxin Yuan , Vivian Yu , Stephen Wang , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

The recent development on large multimodal models (LMMs), especially GPT-4V(ision) and Gemini, has been quickly expanding the capability boundaries of multimodal models beyond traditional tasks like image captioning and visual question…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Boyuan Zheng , Boyu Gou , Jihyung Kil , Huan Sun , Yu Su
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