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In this paper, we introduce an innovative vector quantization based action tokenizer built upon the largest-scale action trajectory dataset to date, leveraging over 100 times more data than previous approaches. This extensive dataset…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yating Wang , Haoyi Zhu , Mingyu Liu , Jiange Yang , Hao-Shu Fang , Tong He

Autonomous GUI agents face two fundamental challenges: early stopping, where agents prematurely declare success without verifiable evidence, and repetitive loops, where agents cycle through the same failing actions without recovery. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Qijun Han , Haoqin Tu , Zijun Wang , Haoyue Dai , Yiyang Zhou , Nancy Lau , Alvaro A. Cardenas , Yuhui Xu , Ran Xu , Caiming Xiong , Zeyu Zheng , Huaxiu Yao , Yuyin Zhou , Cihang Xie

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents extend large language models from text generation to action execution in real-world digital environments. Unlike conversational systems, GUI agents perform irreversible operations such as submitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhu Chen , Ninghao Liu

Recent advancements in vision-language models have increased interest in Device-Control Agents (DC agents) for managing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). With the growing complexity and integration of such agents into various applications,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Shaoqing Zhang , Kehai Chen , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rumei Li , Rongxiang Weng , Yang Xiang , Min Zhang

This work presents a simple yet effective workflow for automatically scaling instruction-following data to elicit pixel-level grounding capabilities of VLMs under complex instructions. In particular, we address five critical real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yongshuo Zong , Qin Zhang , Dongsheng An , Zhihua Li , Xiang Xu , Linghan Xu , Zhuowen Tu , Yifan Xing , Onkar Dabeer

While recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong image understanding, their ability to "think with images", i.e., to reason through multi-step visual interactions, remains limited. We introduce VISTA-Gym, a scalable training…

Existing GUI agent models relying on coordinate-based one-step visual grounding struggle with generalizing to varying input resolutions and aspect ratios. Alternatives introduce coordinate-free strategies yet suffer from learning under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiaoce Wang , Guibin Zhang , Junzhe Li , Jinzhe Tu , Chun Li , Ming Li

The Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task entails an agent following navigational instruction in photo-realistic unknown environments. This challenging task demands that the agent be aware of which instruction was completed, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Chih-Yao Ma , Jiasen Lu , Zuxuan Wu , Ghassan AlRegib , Zsolt Kira , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

In the rapidly evolving landscape of AI research and application, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a transformative force, adept at interpreting and integrating information from diverse modalities such as text,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Abdur Rahman , Rajat Chawla , Muskaan Kumar , Arkajit Datta , Adarsh Jha , Mukunda NS , Ishaan Bhola

Vision Language Models (VLMs) mix visual tokens and text tokens. A puzzling issue is the fact that visual tokens most related to the query receive little to no attention in the final layers of the LLM module of VLMs from the answer tokens,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Parsa Esmaeilkhani , Longin Jan Latecki

Visual grounding is an essential tool that links user-provided text queries with query-specific regions within an image. Despite advancements in visual grounding models, their ability to comprehend complex queries remains limited. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Haoyu Zhao , Wenhang Ge , Ying-cong Chen

Video temporal grounding is an emerging topic aiming to identify specific clips within videos. In addition to pre-trained video models, contemporary methods utilize pre-trained vision-language models (VLM) to capture detailed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Yubin Wang , Xinyang Jiang , De Cheng , Dongsheng Li , Cairong Zhao

Vision-language model-based mobile agents have gained the ability to understand complex instructions and mobile screenshots, benefiting from reinforcement learning paradigms like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jihao Gu , Qihang Ai , Yingyao Wang , Pi Bu , Jingxuan Xing , Zekun Zhu , Wei Jiang , Ziming Wang , Yingxiu Zhao , Ming-Liang Zhang , Jun Song , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

Autonomous web navigation requires agents to perceive complex visual environments and maintain long-term context, yet current Large Language Model (LLM) based agents often struggle with spatial disorientation and navigation loops. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xinjun Wang , Shengyao Wang , Aimin Zhou , Hao Hao

With the rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), an increasing number of studies have leveraged LLMs as the cognitive core of agents to address complex task decision-making challenges. Specially, recent research has demonstrated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Di Zhao , Longhui Ma , Siwei Wang , Miao Wang , Zhao Lv

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive progress in perceiving and describing visual environments. However, their ability to proactively reason and act based solely on visual inputs, without explicit textual prompts, remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Daoan Zhang , Pai Liu , Xiaofei Zhou , Yuan Ge , Guangchen Lan , Jing Bi , Christopher Brinton , Ehsan Hoque , Jiebo Luo

Visual grounding (VG) aims at locating the foreground entities that match the given natural language expressions. Previous datasets and methods for classic VG task mainly rely on the prior assumption that the given expression must literally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Wenxuan Wang , Yisi Zhang , Xingjian He , Yichen Yan , Zijia Zhao , Xinlong Wang , Jing Liu

Building agents that autonomously operate mobile devices has attracted increasing attention. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show promise, most existing approaches rely on direct state-to-action mappings, which lack structured reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhe Wu , Hongjin Lu , Junliang Xing , Changhao Zhang , Yuxuan Li , Yin Zhu , Yuhao Yang , Yuheng Jing , Kai Li , Kun Shao , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang , Yuanchun Shi

Geometric Algebra (GA) presents challenges to learners due to its highly abstract mathematical structure and complex operational rules, as translating algebraic manipulations into concrete geometric interpretations is a non-intuitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wang Jian , Zhou Jianbo , Xiong Yuhao , Liu Zhenxia , Luo Wen , Yuan LinWang , Yu ZhaoYuan

Exploratory GUI testing is essential for software quality but suffers from high manual costs. While Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents excel in navigation, they fail to autonomously discover defects due to two core challenges:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yifei Gao , Jiang Wu , Xiaoyi Chen , Yifan Yang , Zhe Cui , Tianyi Ma , Jiaming Zhang , Jitao Sang
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