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The C programming language has been foundational in building system-level software. However, its manual memory management model frequently leads to memory safety issues. In response, Rust has emerged as a memory-safe alternative. Moreover,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-07 HoHyun Sim , Hyeonjoong Cho , Yeonghyeon Go , Sadegh AlMahdi Kazemi Zarkouei , Zhoulai Fu , Ali Shokri , Binoy Ravindran

Rust is a relatively new system programming language that has been experiencing a rapid adoption in the past 10 years. Rust incorporates a memory ownership model enforced at a compile time. Since this model involves zero runtime overhead,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Nikolay Ivanov

Rewriting C code in Rust provides stronger memory safety, yet migrating large codebases such as the 32-million-line Linux kernel remains challenging. While rule-based translators (e.g., C2Rust) provide accurate yet largely unsafe Rust…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuchen Liu , Junhao Hu , Yingdi Shan , Ge Li , Yanzhen Zou , Yihong Dong , Tao Xie

Despite extensive usage in high-performance, low-level systems programming applications, C is susceptible to vulnerabilities due to manual memory management and unsafe pointer operations. Rust, a modern systems programming language, offers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Manish Shetty , Naman Jain , Adwait Godbole , Sanjit A. Seshia , Koushik Sen

Automating C-to-Rust migration for industrial software remains difficult because build-critical context is scattered across compile configurations, macros, external symbols, and cross-module dependencies, while reusable migration knowledge…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shengbo Wang , Mingwei Liu , Guangsheng Ou , Yuwen Chen , Zike Li , Yanlin Wang , Zibin Zheng

Rust is a memory-safe programming language that significantly improves software security. Existing codebases written in unsafe memory languages, such as C, must first be transpiled to Rust to take advantage of Rust's improved safety…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yubo Bai , Tapti Palit

Dubbed a safer C, Rust is a modern programming language that combines memory safety and low-level control. This interesting combination has made Rust very popular among developers and there is a growing trend of migrating legacy codebases…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Hanliang Zhang , Cristina David , Yijun Yu , Meng Wang

Rust is a multi-paradigm programming language developed by Mozilla that focuses on performance and safety. Rust code is arguably known best for its speed and memory safety, a property essential while developing embedded systems. Thus, it…

There has been a growing interest in translating C code to Rust due to Rust's robust memory and thread safety guarantees. Tools such as C2RUST enable syntax-guided transpilation from C to semantically equivalent Rust code. However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yifei Gao , Chengpeng Wang , Pengxiang Huang , Xuwei Liu , Mingwei Zheng , Xiangyu Zhang

We present Encapsulated Substitution and Agentic Refinement on a Live Scaffold for Safe C-to-Rust Translation, a two-phase pipeline for translating real-world C projects to safe Rust. Existing approaches either produce unsafe output without…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hohyun Sim , Hyeonjoong Cho , Ali Shokri , Zhoulai Fu , Binoy Ravindran

Despite the effort in vulnerability detection over the last two decades, memory safety vulnerabilities continue to be a critical problem. Recent reports suggest that the key solution is to migrate to memory-safe languages. To this end,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Melih Sirlanci , Carter Yagemann , Zhiqiang Lin

The advent of strong generative AI has a considerable impact on various software engineering tasks such as code repair, test generation, or language translation. While tools like GitHub Copilot are already in widespread use in interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Martin Weiss , Jesko Hecking-Harbusch , Jochen Quante , Matthias Woehrle

The Python programming language is best known for its syntax and scientific libraries, but it is also notorious for its slow interpreter. Optimizing critical sections in Python entails special knowledge of the binary interactions between…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Isabella Basso do Amaral , Renato Cordeiro Ferreira , Alfredo Goldman

Surveys of computational science show that many scientists use languages like C and C++ in order to write code for scientific computing, especially in scenarios where performance is a key factor. In this paper, we seek to evaluate the use…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-10-28 Willow Veytsman , Shuang Zhai , Chen Ding , Adam B. Sefkow

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise for program translation, particularly for migrating systems code to memory-safe languages such as Rust. However, existing approaches struggle when source programs depend on external libraries:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hanliang Zhang , Arindam Sharma , Cristina David , Meng Wang , Brandon Paulsen , Daniel Kroening , Wenjia Ye , Taro Sekiyama

Embedded software is used in safety-critical systems such as medical devices and autonomous vehicles, where software defects, including security vulnerabilities, have severe consequences. Most embedded codebases are developed in unsafe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Ayushi Sharma , Shashank Sharma , Santiago Torres-Arias , Aravind Machiry

Memory safety has long been a critical challenge in software engineering, particularly for legacy systems written in memory-unsafe languages such as C and C++. Rust, one of the youngest modern programming languages, offers built-in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sarah Bedell , Nazanin Siavash , Armin Moin

C-rusted is an innovative technology whereby C programs can be (partly) annotated so as to express: ownership, exclusivity and shareability of language, system and user-defined resources; dynamic properties of objects and the way they…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Roberto Bagnara , Abramo Bagnara , Federico Serafini

Rust is an emerging programming language that aims to prevent memory-safety bugs. However, the current design of Rust also brings side effects which may increase the risk of memory-safety issues. In particular, it employs OBRM…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Mohan Cui , Chengjun Chen , Hui Xu , Yangfan Zhou

Historically, Fortran and C have been the default programming languages in High-Performance Computing (HPC). In both, programmers have primitives and functions available that allow manipulating system memory and interacting directly with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Manuel Costanzo , Enzo Rucci , Marcelo Naiouf , Armando De Giusti