English
Related papers

Related papers: Overcoming Multi-step Complexity in Multimodal The…

200 papers

Autoregressive language models are next-token predictors and have been criticized for only optimizing surface plausibility (i.e., local coherence) rather than maintaining correct latent-state representations (i.e., global coherence).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xucong Hu , Jian-Qiao Zhu

Theory-of-Mind (ToM) is a fundamental psychological capability that allows humans to understand and interpret the mental states of others. Humans infer others' thoughts by integrating causal cues and indirect clues from broad contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Chulun Zhou , Qiujing Wang , Mo Yu , Xiaoqian Yue , Rui Lu , Jiangnan Li , Yifan Zhou , Shunchi Zhang , Jie Zhou , Wai Lam

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer others' knowledge, intentions, and emotions, is commonly evaluated in large language models (LLMs) using end-point question answering, where performance is judged solely by the final answer to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Adam Bawatneh , Sagar Sapkota , Amrit Singh Bedi , Santu Karmaker , Mubarak Shah

In this paper, a pragmatic semantic communication framework that enables effective goal-oriented information sharing between two-intelligent agents is proposed. In particular, semantics is defined as the causal state that encapsulates the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Emilio Calvanese Strinati , Walid Saad

Human social interactions depend on the ability to infer others' unspoken intentions, emotions, and beliefs-a cognitive skill grounded in the psychological concept of Theory of Mind (ToM). While large language models (LLMs) excel in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

While recent studies explore Large Language Models' (LLMs) performance on Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning tasks, research on ToM abilities that require more nuanced social context is limited, such as white lies. We introduce TactfulToM, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yiwei Liu , Emma Jane Pretty , Jiahao Huang , Saku Sugawara

Natural language interaction with agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI), driven by Large Language Models (LLMs), is expected to remain a dominant paradigm in the near future. While humans instinctively align their communication with mental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Mehdi Jafari , Devin Yuncheng Hua , Hao Xue , Flora Salim

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in specialized biomedical tasks due to the inherent complexity of medical reasoning and the sensitive nature of clinical data. Existing LLMs often struggle with intricate medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zongxian Yang , Jiayu Qian , Kay Chen Tan , Hau-San Wong , Yulong Chen , Haoyu Zhang , Zhi-An Huang

Improving the Theory of Mind (ToM) capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for effective social interactions between these AI models and humans. However, the existing benchmarks often measure ToM capability improvement through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Nanxu Gong , Zixin Chen , Haotian Li , Zishu Zhao , Jianxun Lian , Huamin Qu , Yanjie Fu , Xing Xie

Neural Theory-of-Mind (N-ToM), machine's ability to understand and keep track of the mental states of others, is pivotal in developing socially intelligent agents. However, prevalent N-ToM benchmarks have several shortcomings, including the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hainiu Xu , Runcong Zhao , Lixing Zhu , Jinhua Du , Yulan He

Theory-of-Mind (ToM) is a core human cognitive capacity for attributing mental states to self and others. Wimmer and Perner demonstrated that humans progress from first- to higher-order ToM within a short span, completing this development…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yiming Wang , Rui Wang

Humans continuously infer the states, goals, and behaviors of others by perceiving their surroundings in dynamic, real-world social interactions. However, most Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmarks only evaluate static, text-based scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xianzhe Fan , Xuhui Zhou , Chuanyang Jin , Kolby Nottingham , Hao Zhu , Maarten Sap

Intuitive psychology is a pillar of common-sense reasoning. The replication of this reasoning in machine intelligence is an important stepping-stone on the way to human-like artificial intelligence. Several recent tasks and benchmarks for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Tomer Ullman

Existing LLM reasoning methods have shown impressive capabilities across various tasks, such as solving math and coding problems. However, applying these methods to scenarios without ground-truth answers or rule-based verification methods -…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hyunwoo Kim , Melanie Sclar , Tan Zhi-Xuan , Lance Ying , Sydney Levine , Yang Liu , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Yejin Choi

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to track others epistemic state, makes humans efficient collaborators. AI agents need the same capacity in multi agent settings, yet existing benchmarks mostly test literal ToM by asking direct belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gurusha Juneja , Dylan Lu , Saaket Agashe , Parth Diwane , Edward Gunn , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , William Yang Wang , Yali Du , Xin Eric Wang

Datasets used for emotion recognition tasks typically contain overt cues that can be used in predicting the emotions expressed in a text. However, one challenge is that texts sometimes contain covert contextual cues that are rich in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

This paper investigates whether LMs recruit shared computational mechanisms for general Theory of Mind (ToM) and language-specific pragmatic reasoning in order to contribute to the general question of whether LMs may be said to have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Polina Tsvilodub , Jan-Felix Klumpp , Amir Mohammadpour , Jennifer Hu , Michael Franke

Large language models (LLMs) now exhibit strong multi-step reasoning abilities, but existing inference-time scaling methods remain computationally expensive, often relying on extensive sampling or external evaluators. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nicolas Legrand , Kenneth Enevoldsen , Márton Kardos , Kristoffer Nielbo

Whether Large Language Models (LLMs) truly possess human-like Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities has garnered increasing attention. However, existing benchmarks remain largely restricted to narrow paradigms like false belief tasks, failing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Haibo Tong , Zeyang Yue , Feifei Zhao , Erliang Lin , Lu Jia , Ruolin Chen , Yinqian Sun , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng

Theory of mind (ToM; Premack & Woodruff, 1978) broadly refers to humans' ability to represent the mental states of others, including their desires, beliefs, and intentions. We propose to train a machine to build such models too. We design a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Neil C. Rabinowitz , Frank Perbet , H. Francis Song , Chiyuan Zhang , S. M. Ali Eslami , Matthew Botvinick
‹ Prev 1 4 5 6 7 8 10 Next ›