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Despite recent advancements, most computational methods for molecule optimization are constrained to single- or double-property optimization tasks and suffer from poor scalability and generalizability to novel optimization tasks. Meanwhile,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Vishal Dey , Xiao Hu , Xia Ning

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for molecular optimization, but aligning them with selective and competing drug-design constraints remains challenging. We propose C-Moral, a reinforcement learning post-training framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Rui Gao , Youngseung Jeon , Swastik Roy , Morteza Ziyadi , Xiang 'Anthony' Chen

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Large Language Models (LLMs), with their remarkable task-handling capabilities and innovative outputs, have catalyzed significant advancements across a spectrum of fields. However, their proficiency within specialized domains such as…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-05 Yin Fang , Xiaozhuan Liang , Ningyu Zhang , Kangwei Liu , Rui Huang , Zhuo Chen , Xiaohui Fan , Huajun Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ three popular training approaches: Masked Language Models (MLM), Causal Language Models (CLM), and Sequence-to-Sequence Models (seq2seq). However, each approach has its strengths and limitations, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Bo Li , Rick Stevens

Molecular optimization, which aims to discover improved molecules from a vast chemical search space, is a critical step in chemical development. Various artificial intelligence technologies have demonstrated high effectiveness and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Xin Xia , Yajie Zhang , Xiangxiang Zeng , Xingyi Zhang , Chunhou Zheng , Yansen Su

Goal-oriented de novo molecule design, namely generating molecules with specific property or substructure constraints, is a crucial yet challenging task in drug discovery. Existing methods, such as Bayesian optimization and reinforcement…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Chuanliu Fan , Ziqiang Cao , Zicheng Ma , Nan Yu , Yimin Peng , Jun Zhang , Yiqin Gao , Guohong Fu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to models that tackle diverse molecular tasks, such as chemical reaction prediction and molecular property prediction. Large-scale molecular instruction-tuning datasets have enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chanhui Lee , Hanbum Ko , Yuheon Song , YongJun Jeong , Rodrigo Hormazabal , Sehui Han , Kyunghoon Bae , Sungbin Lim , Sungwoong Kim

Molecular optimization is a key challenge in drug discovery and material science domain, involving the design of molecules with desired properties. Existing methods focus predominantly on single-property optimization, necessitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Aye Phyu Phyu Aung , Jay Chaudhary , Ji Wei Yoon , Senthilnath Jayavelu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in many applications in recent years. However, chemical MLLMs that can handle cross-modal understanding and generation remain underexplored. To fill this gap, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qian Tan , Dongzhan Zhou , Peng Xia , Wanhao Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Yuqiang Li , Tianfan Fu

Finetuning a Large Language Model (LLM) is crucial for generating results towards specific objectives. This research delves into the realm of drug optimization and introduce a novel reinforcement learning algorithm to finetune a drug…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Siyu Chen , Zhuoran Yang , Yuxin Chen , Ian Foster , Rick Stevens

Recent advancements in large language models have opened new possibilities for generative molecular drug design. We present Chemlactica and Chemma, two language models fine-tuned on a novel corpus of 110M molecules with computed properties,…

Chemistry plays a crucial role in many domains, such as drug discovery and material science. While large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 exhibit remarkable capabilities on natural language processing tasks, existing research indicates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Botao Yu , Frazier N. Baker , Ziqi Chen , Xia Ning , Huan Sun

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence in drug discovery encounters challenges with generalization and extensive training, yet Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promise in reshaping interactions with complex molecular data. Our…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-20 He Cao , Zijing Liu , Xingyu Lu , Yuan Yao , Yu Li

Recently, the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) on a wide range of tasks has attracted an increasing number of attempts to apply LLMs in drug discovery. However, molecule optimization, a critical task in the drug…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-22 Geyan Ye , Xibao Cai , Houtim Lai , Xing Wang , Junhong Huang , Longyue Wang , Wei Liu , Xiangxiang Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization and instruction-following capabilities with instruction tuning. The advancements in LLMs and instruction tuning have led to the development of Large Vision-Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jinyoung Park , Minseong Bae , Dohwan Ko , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Molecular property prediction is a crucial foundation for drug discovery. In recent years, pre-trained deep learning models have been widely applied to this task. Some approaches that incorporate prior biological domain knowledge into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tianyu Zhang , Yuxiang Ren , Chengbin Hou , Hairong Lv , Xuegong Zhang

Molecular optimization (MO) is a crucial stage in drug discovery in which task-oriented generated molecules are optimized to meet practical industrial requirements. Existing mainstream MO approaches primarily utilize external property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yida Xiong , Kun Li , Jiameng Chen , Hongzhi Zhang , Di Lin , Yan Che , Wenbin Hu

Molecular property prediction (MPP) is a fundamental and crucial task in drug discovery. However, prior methods are limited by the requirement for a large number of labeled molecules and their restricted ability to generalize for unseen and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-21 Yuyan Liu , Sirui Ding , Sheng Zhou , Wenqi Fan , Qiaoyu Tan

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in various natural language processing tasks such as question answering and machine translation. However, due to the lack of labeled data and the difficulty of manual annotation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xuan Lin , Long Chen , Yile Wang , Yangyang Chen , Xiangxiang Zeng
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