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Optimization problems are prevalent across various scenarios. Formulating and then solving optimization problems described by natural language often requires highly specialized human expertise, which could block the widespread application…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Caigao Jiang , Xiang Shu , Hong Qian , Xingyu Lu , Jun Zhou , Aimin Zhou , Yang Yu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is critical for enhancing LLMs' safety, helpfulness, humor, faithfulness, etc. Current reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) mainly focuses on a fixed reward learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Qiang He , Yucheng Yang , Tianyi Zhou , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Setareh Maghsudi

Instruction-based language modeling has received significant attention in pretrained language models. However, the efficiency of instruction engineering remains low and hinders the development of instruction studies. Recent studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Heng Yang , Ke Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made great strides in areas such as language processing and computer vision. Despite the emergence of diverse techniques to improve few-shot learning capacity, current LLMs fall short in handling the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-14 Xianggen Liu , Yan Guo , Haoran Li , Jin Liu , Shudong Huang , Bowen Ke , Jiancheng Lv

Machine learning based methods have shown potential for optimizing existing molecules with more desirable properties, a critical step towards accelerating new chemical discovery. Here we propose QMO, a generic query-based molecule…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Samuel Hoffman , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Kahini Wadhawan , Pin-Yu Chen , Payel Das

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in general domains, but their application to multi-omics biology remains underexplored. To address this gap, we introduce Biology-Instructions, the first large-scale…

Large language models (LLMs), despite their breakthroughs on many challenging benchmark tasks, lean to generate verbose responses and lack the controllability of output complexity, which is usually preferred by human users in practice. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Dang Nguyen , Jiuhai Chen , Tianyi Zhou

Machine learning methods have been used to accelerate the molecule optimization process. However, efficient search for optimized molecules satisfying several properties with scarce labeled data remains a challenge for machine learning…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-20 Xin Xia , Yansen Su , Chunhou Zheng , Xiangxiang Zeng

Molecular optimization is a crucial yet complex and time-intensive process that often acts as a bottleneck for drug development. Traditional methods rely heavily on trial and error, making multi-objective optimization both time-consuming…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-06 Jiajun Yu , Yizhen Zheng , Huan Yee Koh , Shirui Pan , Tianyue Wang , Haishuai Wang

Proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional capabilities in handling a diverse range of tasks. Recent studies demonstrate that open-sourced smaller foundational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Deng Cai , Xinting Huang , Tao Fang , Wei Bi

The number of large language models (LLMs) with varying parameter scales and vocabularies is increasing. While they deliver powerful performance, they also face a set of common optimization needs to meet specific requirements or standards,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jiayi Wu , Hao Sun , Hengyi Cai , Lixin Su , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xiang Li , Ming Gao

Molecular property prediction has gained significant attention due to its transformative potential in multiple scientific disciplines. Conventionally, a molecule graph can be represented either as a graph-structured data or a SMILES text.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Chen Qian , Huayi Tang , Zhirui Yang , Hong Liang , Yong Liu

Complex instruction-following with elaborate constraints is imperative for Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing methods have constructed data for complex instruction alignment, they all rely on a more advanced model, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hui Huang , Jiaheng Liu , Yancheng He , Shilong Li , Bing Xu , Conghui Zhu , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao

Leveraging machine-learning (ML) techniques for compiler optimizations has been widely studied and explored in academia. However, the adoption of ML in general-purpose, industry strength compilers has yet to happen. We propose MLGO, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Mircea Trofin , Yundi Qian , Eugene Brevdo , Zinan Lin , Krzysztof Choromanski , David Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results on machine translation for high resource language pairs and domains. However, in specialised domains (e.g. medical) LLMs have shown lower performance compared to standard neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Miguel Rios

Large language models (LLMs) with instruction fine-tuning demonstrate superior generative capabilities. However, these models are resource-intensive. To alleviate this issue, we explore distilling knowledge from instruction-tuned LLMs into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Minghao Wu , Abdul Waheed , Chiyu Zhang , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Alham Fikri Aji

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their instruction-following capabilities and achieved powerful performance on various tasks. Inspired by their success, recent works in the molecular domain have led to the development of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jinyoung Park , Minseong Bae , Jeehye Na , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Optimizing black-box functions is a fundamental problem in science and engineering. To solve this problem, many approaches learn a surrogate function that estimates the underlying objective from limited historical evaluations. Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Tung Nguyen , Aditya Grover

To enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in biomedical natural language processing (BioNLP) by introducing a domain-specific instruction dataset and examining its impact when combined with multi-task learning principles.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hieu Tran , Zhichao Yang , Zonghai Yao , Hong Yu

The ability to design molecules while preserving similarity to a target molecule and/or property is crucial for various applications in drug discovery, chemical design, and biology. We introduce in this paper an efficient training-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiri Navratil , Jarret Ross , Payel Das , Youssef Mroueh , Samuel C Hoffman , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Brian Belgodere