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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across many tasks, but their ability to capture culturally diverse moral values remains unclear. In this paper, we examine whether LLMs mirror variations in moral attitudes reported…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri

Assessing the capabilities and limitations of large language models (LLMs) has garnered significant interest, yet the evaluation of multiple models in real-world scenarios remains rare. Multilingual evaluation often relies on translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Varun Gumma , Ananditha Raghunath , Mohit Jain , Sunayana Sitaram

Large Language Models have been widely been adopted by users for writing tasks such as sentence completions. While this can improve writing efficiency, prior research shows that LLM-generated suggestions may exhibit cultural biases which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Aayush Kumar , Sanket Mhatre

While Large Language Models (LLM) have created a massive technological impact in the past decade, allowing for human-enabled applications, they can produce output that contains stereotypes and biases, especially when using low-resource…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Azmine Toushik Wasi , Raima Islam , Mst Rafia Islam , Taki Hasan Rafi , Dong-Kyu Chae

Large language models (LLMs) are typically evaluated on the basis of task-based benchmarks such as MMLU. Such benchmarks do not examine responsible behaviour of LLMs in specific contexts. This is particularly true in the LGBTI+ context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Aditya Joshi , Shruta Rawat , Alpana Dange

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, but their development has primarily focused on English and other high-resource languages, leaving many languages underserved. We present our latest Hindi-English bi-lingual…

Prior clinical psychology research shows that Western individuals with depression tend to report psychological symptoms, while Eastern individuals report somatic ones. We test whether Large Language Models (LLMs), which are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shintaro Sakai , Jisun An , Migyeong Kang , Haewoon Kwak

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable across global languages. However, the ability to communicate across languages does not necessarily translate to appropriate cultural representations. A key concern is US-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jonathan Rystrøm , Hannah Rose Kirk , Scott Hale

Cultural representation in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs has primarily been evaluated through the proxies of cultural diversity and factual accuracy. However, a crucial gap remains in assessing cultural alignment: the degree to which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Erin MacMurray van Liemt , Aida Davani , Sinchana Kumbale , Neha Dixit , Sunipa Dev

With nearly 1.5 billion people and more than 120 major languages, India represents one of the most diverse regions in the world. As multilingual Vision-Language Models (VLMs) gain prominence, robust evaluation methodologies are essential to…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to describe, evaluate and interpret places, yet it remains unclear whether they do so from a culturally neutral standpoint. Here we test urban perception in frontier LLMs using a balanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Rong Zhao , Wanqi Liu , Zhizhou Sha , Nanxi Su , Yecheng Zhang , Ying Long

As LLMs are increasingly deployed in global applications, the importance of cultural sensitivity becomes paramount, ensuring that users from diverse backgrounds feel respected and understood. Cultural harm can arise when these models fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Somnath Banerjee , Sayan Layek , Hari Shrawgi , Rajarshi Mandal , Avik Halder , Shanu Kumar , Sagnik Basu , Parag Agrawal , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Are AI systems truly representing human values, or merely averaging across them? Our study suggests a concerning reality: Large Language Models (LLMs) fail to represent diverse cultural moral frameworks despite their linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Simon Münker

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread global adoption, showcasing advanced linguistic capabilities across multiple of languages. There is a growing interest in academia to use these models to simulate and study human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Shiran Dudy , Ibrahim Said Ahmad , Ryoko Kitajima , Agata Lapedriza

Existing benchmarks that measure cultural adaptation in LLMs are misaligned with the actual challenges these models face when interacting with users from diverse cultural backgrounds. In this work, we introduce the first framework and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shreya Havaldar , Sunny Rai , Young-Min Cho , Lyle Ungar

Research has shown that while large language models (LLMs) can generate their responses based on cultural context, they are not perfect and tend to generalize across cultures. However, when evaluating the cultural bias of a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Vitthal Bhandari

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in our daily lives, evaluating their quality and reliability across diverse contexts has become essential. While comprehensive benchmarks exist for assessing LLM performance in…

We investigate how large language models perform on low-resource languages by benchmarking eight LLMs across five experimental conditions in English, Kazakh, and Mongolian. Using 50 hand-crafted questions spanning factual, reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdul-Salem Beibitkhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been positioned as having the potential to expand access to health information in the Global South, yet their evaluation remains heavily dependent on benchmarks designed around Western norms. We present…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sumon Kanti Dey , Manvi S , Zeel Mehta , Meet Shah , Unnati Agrawal , Suhani Jalota , Azra Ismail