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Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Verilog code generation significantly, yet face challenges in data quality, reasoning capabilities, and computational efficiency. This paper presents ReasoningV, a novel model employing a hybrid…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Haiyan Qin , Zhiwei Xie , Jingjing Li , Liangchen Li , Xiaotong Feng , Junzhan Liu , Wang Kang

Formal verification is the next frontier for ensuring the correctness of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). While methods that co-generate code and formal specifications in formal languages, like Dafny, can, in principle, prove…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingfei Zeng , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Fei Ye , Xu Xu , Binhang Yuan , Jie Fu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating software code for high-level programming languages such as Python and C++. However, their application to hardware description languages, such as Verilog,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Tan , Xiangchen Meng , Zijun Jiang , Yangdi Lyu

Automated Verilog code synthesis poses significant challenges and typically demands expert oversight. Traditional high-level synthesis (HLS) methods often fail to scale for real-world designs. While large language models (LLMs) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Prithwish Basu Roy , Akashdeep Saha , Manaar Alam , Johann Knechtel , Michail Maniatakos , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Ramesh Karri

Large language models (LLMs) trained via reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR) have achieved breakthroughs on tasks with explicit, automatable verification, such as software programming and mathematical problems. Extending…

Innovative Electronic Design Automation (EDA) solutions are important to meet the design requirements for increasingly complex electronic devices. Verilog, a hardware description language, is widely used for the design and verification of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Enrique Dehaerne , Bappaditya Dey , Sandip Halder , Stefan De Gendt

We explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate high-quality Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code with minimal human interference. The traditional RTL design workflow requires human experts to manually write high-quality RTL…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hanxian Huang , Zhenghan Lin , Zixuan Wang , Xin Chen , Ke Ding , Jishen Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated capabilities for producing code in Hardware Description Languages (HDLs). However, most of the focus remains on their abilities to write functional code, not test code. The hardware design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jason Blocklove , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri , Hammond Pearce

Recent advances in large language models have improved code generation, but their use in hardware description languages is still limited. Moreover, training data and testbenches for these models are often scarce. This paper presents a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Mu-Chi Chen , Po-Hsuan Huang , Yu-Hung Kao , Yen-Fu Liu , Yu-Kai Hung , Cheng Liang , Shao-Chun Ho , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

Natural language interfaces have exhibited considerable potential in the automation of Verilog generation derived from high-level specifications through the utilization of large language models, garnering significant attention.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Kaiyan Chang , Zhirong Chen , Yunhao Zhou , Wenlong Zhu , kun wang , Haobo Xu , Cangyuan Li , Mengdi Wang , Shengwen Liang , Huawei Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

Veryl, a hardware description language based on SystemVerilog, offers optimized syntax tailored for logic design, ensuring synthesizability and simplifying common constructs. It prioritizes interoperability with SystemVerilog, allowing for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Naoya Hatta , Taichi Ishitani , Ryota Shioya

Recent advancements in code generation have shown remarkable success across software domains, yet hardware description languages (HDLs) such as Verilog remain underexplored due to their concurrency semantics, syntactic rigidity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Fu Teng , Miao Pan , Xuhong Zhang , Zhezhi He , Yiyao Yang , Xinyi Chai , Mengnan Qi , Liqiang Lu , Jianwei Yin

Recent years have seen increasing popularity of logic-based reasoning systems, with research and industrial interest as well as many flourishing applications in the area of Knowledge Graphs. Despite that, one can observe a substantial lack…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Teodoro Baldazzi , Luigi Bellomarini , Emanuel Sallinger , Paolo Atzeni

Time series is a pervasive data type across various application domains, rendering the reasonable solving of diverse time series tasks a long-standing goal. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), especially their reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiahui Zhou , Dan Li , Boxin Li , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Lin Li , Zhuomin Chen , Jian Lou , See-Kiong Ng

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models, the faithfulness of the generated rationales remains an open problem for model interpretability. We propose a novel theoretical lens for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Elija Perrier

Rapid advances in language models (LMs) have created new opportunities for automated code generation while complicating trade-offs between model characteristics and prompt design choices. In this work, we provide an empirical map of recent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Luca Collini , Andrew Hennesee , Patrick Yubeaton , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in automating the generation of Verilog hardware description language code for hardware design. This automation is critical to reducing human effort in the complex and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ping Guo , Yiting Wang , Wanghao Ye , Yexiao He , Ziyao Wang , Xiaopeng Dai , Ang Li , Qingfu Zhang

Despite numerous previous formalisation projects targeting Verilog, the semantics of Verilog defined by the Verilog standard -- Verilog's simulation semantics -- has thus far eluded definitive mathematical formalisation. Previous projects…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Andreas Lööw

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the size and complexity of System-on-Chip designs targeting different specialized applications. The cost of an undetected bug in these systems is much higher than in traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Giuseppe Stracquadanio , Sourav Medya , Stefano Quer , Debjit Pal

Test generation has been a critical and labor-intensive process in hardware design verification. Recently, the emergence of Large Language Model (LLM) with their advanced understanding and inference capabilities, has introduced a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ruiyang Ma , Yuxin Yang , Ziqian Liu , Jiaxi Zhang , Min Li , Junhua Huang , Guojie Luo