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Real-world federated learning faces two key challenges: limited access to labelled data and the presence of heterogeneous multi-modal inputs. This paper proposes TACTFL, a unified framework for semi-supervised multi-modal federated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Guanxiong Sun , Majid Mirmehdi , Zahraa Abdallah , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Ian Craddock , Telmo de Menezes e Silva Filho

Multi-sensor fusion systems (MSFs) play a vital role as the perception module in modern autonomous vehicles (AVs). Therefore, ensuring their robustness against common and realistic adversarial semantic transformations, such as rotation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zijian Huang , Wenda Chu , Linyi Li , Chejian Xu , Bo Li

Multimodal learning faces a fundamental tension between deep, fine-grained fusion and computational scalability. While cross-attention models achieve strong performance through exhaustive pairwise fusion, their quadratic complexity is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yusuf Shihata

There are increasing concerns about malicious attacks on autonomous vehicles. In particular, inaudible voice command attacks pose a significant threat as voice commands become available in autonomous driving systems. How to empirically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Jiwei Guan , Lei Pan , Chen Wang , Shui Yu , Longxiang Gao , Xi Zheng

Speech contains both acoustic and linguistic patterns that reflect cognitive decline, and therefore models describing only one domain cannot fully capture such complexity. This study investigates how early fusion (EF) of speech and its…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Krystof Novotny , Laureano Moro-Velázquez , Jiri Mekyska

Traditional vision-based material perception methods often experience substantial performance degradation under visually impaired conditions, thereby motivating the shift toward non-visual multimodal material perception. Despite this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Kailin Lyu , Long Xiao , Jianing Zeng , Junhao Dong , Xuexin Liu , Zhuojun Zou , Haoyue Yang , Lin Shu , Jie Hao

The demand for edge AI in vision-language tasks requires models that achieve real-time performance on resource-constrained devices with limited power and memory. This paper proposes two adaptive compression techniques -- Sparse Temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Md Tasnin Tanvir , Soumitra Das , Sk Md Abidar Rahaman , Ali Shiri Sichani

Multi-sensor fusion is central to robust robotic perception, yet most existing systems operate under static sensor configurations, collecting all modalities at fixed rates and fidelity regardless of their situational utility. This rigidity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yanchen Liu , Yuang Fan , Minghui Zhao , Xiaofan Jiang

Energy-based models (EBMs) are a flexible class of deep generative models and are well-suited to capture complex dependencies in multimodal data. However, learning multimodal EBM by maximum likelihood requires Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiali Cui , Zhiqiang Lao , Heather Yu

The inherent challenge of multimodal fusion is to precisely capture the cross-modal correlation and flexibly conduct cross-modal interaction. To fully release the value of each modality and mitigate the influence of low-quality multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Qingyang Zhang , Haitao Wu , Changqing Zhang , Qinghua Hu , Huazhu Fu , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Xi Peng

Federated Learning is a popular distributed learning paradigm in machine learning. Meanwhile, composition optimization is an effective hierarchical learning model, which appears in many machine learning applications such as meta learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Feihu Huang

The Tactical Driver Behavior modeling problem requires understanding of driver actions in complicated urban scenarios from a rich multi modal signals including video, LiDAR and CAN bus data streams. However, the majority of deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Athma Narayanan , Avinash Siravuru , Behzad Dariush

Human action recognition (HAR) with multi-modal inputs (RGB-D, skeleton, point cloud) can achieve high accuracy but typically relies on large labeled datasets and degrades sharply when sensors fail or are noisy. We present Robust…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Hasan Akgul , Mari Eplik , Javier Rojas , Akira Yamamoto , Rajesh Kumar , Maya Singh

The use of multi-modal data for deep machine learning has shown promise when compared to uni-modal approaches with fusion of multi-modal features resulting in improved performance in several applications. However, most state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Darshana Priyasad , Tharindu Fernando , Simon Denman , Sridha Sridharan , Clinton Fookes

Although human action anticipation is a task which is inherently multi-modal, state-of-the-art methods on well known action anticipation datasets leverage this data by applying ensemble methods and averaging scores of unimodal anticipation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zeyun Zhong , David Schneider , Michael Voit , Rainer Stiefelhagen , Jürgen Beyerer

Recent unified multi-modal encoders align a wide range of modalities into a shared representation space, enabling diverse cross-modal tasks. Despite their impressive capabilities, the robustness of these models under adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Chih-Ting Liao , Zhangquan Chen , Chunlei Meng , Tzu-Yu Huang , Xin Cao , Xu Zheng

Robust audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) in noisy environments remains challenging, as existing systems struggle to estimate audio reliability and dynamically adjust modality reliance. We propose router-gated cross-modal feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 DongHoon Lim , YoungChae Kim , Dong-Hyun Kim , Da-Hee Yang , Joon-Hyuk Chang

As medical diagnoses increasingly leverage multimodal data, machine learning models are expected to effectively fuse heterogeneous information while remaining robust to missing modalities. In this work, we propose a novel multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yi Gu , Kuniaki Saito , Jiaxin Ma

We propose the Uncertainty Contrastive Framework (UCF), a Positive-Unlabeled (PU) representation learning framework that integrates uncertainty-aware contrastive loss, adaptive temperature scaling, and a self-attention-guided LSTM encoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Elias Hossain , Umesh Biswas , Charan Gudla , Sai Phani Parsa

Multimodal medical analysis combining image and tabular data has gained increasing attention. However, effective fusion remains challenging due to cross-modal discrepancies in feature dimensions and modality contributions, as well as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Congjing Yu , Jing Ye , Yang Liu , Xiaodong Zhang , Zhiyong Zhang