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LPTP (Logic Program Theorem Prover) is an interactive natural-deduction-based theorem prover for pure Prolog programs with negation as failure, unification with the occurs check, and a restricted but extensible set of built-in predicates.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Fred Mesnard , Thierry Marianne , Étienne Payet

Representation determines how we can reason about a specific problem. Sometimes one representation helps us find a proof more easily than others. Most current automated reasoning tools focus on reasoning within one representation. There is,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Daniel Raggi , Alan Bundy , Gudmund Grov , Alison Pease

In this paper we present a new "external checker" for the Lean theorem prover, written in Lean itself. This is the first complete typechecker for Lean 4 other than the reference implementation in C++ used by Lean itself, and our new checker…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mario Carneiro

In interactive theorem provers (ITPs), extensible syntax is not only crucial to lower the cognitive burden of manipulating complex mathematical objects, but plays a critical role in developing reusable abstractions in libraries. Most ITPs…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Sebastian Ullrich , Leonardo de Moura

Despite the recent progress in automatic theorem provers, proof engineers are still suffering from the lack of powerful proof automation. In this position paper we first report our proof strategy language based on a meta-tool approach.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Yutaka Nagashima

{log} ('setlog') is a satisfiability solver for formulas of the theory of finite sets and finite set relation algebra (FSTRA). As such, it can be used as an automated theorem prover (ATP) for this theory. {log} is able to automatically…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Maximiliano Cristiá , Ricardo D. Katz , Gianfranco Rossi

Proving lemmas in synthetic geometry is often a time-consuming endeavour since many intermediate lemmas need to be proven before interesting results can be obtained. Improvements in automated theorem provers (ATP) in recent years now mean…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Maximilian Doré , Krysia Broda

Formal, automated theorem proving has long been viewed as a challenge to artificial intelligence. We introduce here a new approach to computer theorem proving, one that employs specialized language models for Lean4 proof generation combined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kelly J. Davis

Automatic (i.e., computer-assisted) theorem proving (ATP) can come in many flavors. This document presents early steps in our effort towards defining object-oriented theorem proving (OOTP) as a new style of ATP. Traditional theorem proving…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Moez A. AbdelGawad

We present StepFun-Prover Preview, a large language model designed for formal theorem proving through tool-integrated reasoning. Using a reinforcement learning pipeline that incorporates tool-based interactions, StepFun-Prover can achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shijie Shang , Ruosi Wan , Yue Peng , Yutong Wu , Xiong-hui Chen , Jie Yan , Xiangyu Zhang

This paper considers the development of an AI-based provably-correct mathematical proof tutor. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow seamless communication in natural language, they are error prone. Theorem provers such as Lean allow for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Manooshree Patel , Rayna Bhattacharyya , Thomas Lu , Arnav Mehta , Niels Voss , Narges Norouzi , Gireeja Ranade

This paper considers the development of an AI-based provably-correct mathematical proof tutor. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow seamless communication in natural language, they are error prone. Theorem provers such as Lean allow for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Manooshree Patel , Rayna Bhattacharyya , Thomas Lu , Arnav Mehta , Niels Voss , Narges Norouzi , Gireeja Ranade

During 2024 and 2025 the discussion about the theorem-proving capabilities of large language models started reporting interesting success stories, mostly to do with difficult exercises (such as problems from the International Mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Hieu Le Duc , Leo Liberti

We present a trustworthy connection between the Leon verification system and the Isabelle proof assistant. Leon is a system for verifying functional Scala programs. It uses a variety of automated theorem provers (ATPs) to check verification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-07-07 Lars Hupel , Viktor Kuncak

This study presents the first examination of the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow reasoning strategies that are used to guide Automated Theorem Provers (ATPs). We evaluate the performance of GPT4, GPT3.5 Turbo and Google's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lachlan McGinness , Peter Baumgartner

In order to handle the complexity and heterogeneity of mod- ern instruction set architectures, analysis platforms share a common design, the adoption of hardware-independent intermediate representa- tions. The usage of these platforms to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Roberto Metere , Andreas Lindner , Roberto Guanciale

Formal theorem-proving benchmarks enable mechanically verifiable evaluation of mathematical reasoning in large language models. However, existing benchmarks mainly focus on Olympiad-style problems and algebraic domains, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wentao Long , Yunfei Zhang , Chenyi Li , Li Zhou , Chumin Sun , Zaiwen Wen

Mathematical theorems are human knowledge able to be accumulated in the form of symbolic representation, and proving theorems has been considered intelligent behavior. Based on the BHK interpretation and the Curry-Howard isomorphism, proof…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Li-An Yang , Jui-Pin Liu , Chao-Hong Chen , Ying-ping Chen

Translating human-written mathematical theorems and proofs from natural language (NL) into formal languages (FLs) like Lean 4 has long been a significant challenge for AI. Most state-of-the-art methods either focus on theorem-only NL-to-FL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Prithwish Jana , Kaan Kale , Ahmet Ege Tanriverdi , Cruise Song , Sriram Vishwanath , Vijay Ganesh

Formal methods is pivotal for verifying the reliability of critical systems through rigorous mathematical proofs. However, its adoption is hindered by labor-intensive manual proofs and the expertise required to use theorem provers. Recent…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jilin Hu , Jianyu Zhang , Yongwang Zhao , Talia Ringer